Campbell Biology In Focus, Loose-leaf Edition (3rd Edition)
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780134895727
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 24, Problem 8TYU
SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY
INTERPRET THE DATA The nitrogen-fixing bacterium Rhizobium infects the roots of some plant species, forming a mutualism in which the bacterium provides nitrogen and the plant provides carbohydrates. Scientists measured the 12-week growth of one such plant species (Acacia irrorata) when infected by six different Rhizobium strains. (a) Graph the data. (b) Interpret your graph.
| Rhizobium strain | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
| Plant mass (g) | 0.91 | 0.06 | 1.56 | 1.72 | 0.14 | 1.03 |
| Data from J. J. Burdon et al~ Variation In the effectiveness of symbiotic associations between native rhizobia and temperate Australian Acacia: Within-species interactions, Journal of Applied Ecology 36:398-408 (1999). | ||||||
| Note: Without Rhizobium, after 12 Weeks, Acacia plants have a mass of about 0.1 g. | ||||||
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For both fertilizers, plant growth began to decrease when 1.5 kg of
fertilizer was given.
D)
Rhizobia are bacteria that live on the roots of some plants, such as legumes like pea plants. Rhizobia convert an element in the
atmosphere into ammonia. Identify and explain the type of relationship this represents.
A)
It is parasitism because the bacteria absorbs food from the pea plant.
It is commensalism because the bacteria and pea plant don't harm each
B)
other.
It is competition because the rhizobia and pea plant both need the limited
amount of available nitrogen.
C)
It is mutualism because the bacteria receives carbon from the pea plant,
D)
Eliminate
while the plant uses the ammopia to make amíno acids.
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A group of researchers wanted to determine how leaf herbivory and seed production of a legume plant (legumes are a family of plants which includes beans and lentils) were affected by the presence of its mutualistic rhizobia (a group of nitrogen-fixing bacteria). They designed an experiment with two treatments: (1) rhizobia absent and herbivores present and (2) rhizobia present and herbivores present. Provide two additional treatments and briefly explain how they would contribute to our understanding of the results of this experiment.
The rhizosphere is:Group of answer choices
A.) an area 1-2 mm in thickness adjacent to the root.
B.) Bacteria that assists in the conversion nitrogen gas.
C. ) Fungi that assists in the absorption of micronutrients.
D.) All of the above
Chapter 24 Solutions
Campbell Biology In Focus, Loose-leaf Edition (3rd Edition)
Ch. 24.1 - What hypothesis did Miller test in his classic...Ch. 24.1 - How would the appearance of protocells have...Ch. 24.1 - Prob. 3CCCh. 24.1 - Prob. 4CCCh. 24.2 - Contrast the cellular and DNA structures of...Ch. 24.2 - Distinguish between the four major modes of...Ch. 24.2 - Prob. 3CCCh. 24.2 - Prob. 4CCCh. 24.3 - Although rare on a per gene basis, new mutations...Ch. 24.3 - Distinguish between the three mechanisms by which...
Ch. 24.3 - In a rapidly changing environment, which bacterial...Ch. 24.3 - WHAT IF? If a nonpathogenic bacterium were to...Ch. 24.4 - Explain how molecular systematics and metagenomics...Ch. 24.4 - WHAT IF? What would the discovery of a bacterial...Ch. 24.5 - Explain how prokaryotes, though small, can be...Ch. 24.5 - Prob. 2CCCh. 24.5 - Prob. 3CCCh. 24.5 - Prob. 4CCCh. 24 - Which of the following steps has not yet been...Ch. 24 - Fossilized stromatolites A. more than 2.8 billion...Ch. 24 - Prob. 3TYUCh. 24 - Photoautotrophs use A. light as an energy source...Ch. 24 - Which of the following statements is not true? A....Ch. 24 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 24 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 24 - SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY INTERPRET THE DATA The...Ch. 24 - FOCUS ON EVOLUTION In patients infected with...Ch. 24 - FOCUS ON ENERGY AND MATTER In a short essay (about...Ch. 24 - Prob. 11TYU
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- you have isolated a Bacillus species and would like to test its plant growth promoting abilities. other than nitrogen fixation and ACC deaminase production, discuss three other traits that you would look for and their significance in promoting plant growth.arrow_forwardGive answer to all parts? 1. Why might a soil bacteria (Azotobacter) have the ability to fluoresce? How does fluorescence differ from being pigmented. 2. What are the means by which soil can be depleted of useable forms of nitrogen?arrow_forwardSoil microorganisms, collectively referred to as dizotrophs, fix 90% of the inert nitrogen gas to ammonium and nitrate. There are two-main types of nitrogen-fixing bacteria: free-living (nonsymbiotic) and mutualistic (symbiotic). Describe the mutualistic relationship between Rhizobium and legumes. What is the advantage of using legumes as a cover crop in agricultural systems? A point of interest is that the nitrogenase enzyme complex is highly sensitive to oxygen. This is a major problem for free-living aerobic species such as cyanobacteria and species of the genera Azotobacter and Beiigrinckia. Describe two ways the bacteria can overcome to levels of oxygen in their cells.arrow_forward
- Which of the following pair is NOT a match? O Chlamydias - chalamedya trichomatis (causes STD that can lead to blindness) O Epsilon Protobacteria - Helicobacter pylori (human pathogen causing stomach ulcer) O Spirochetes - Treponea pallidum (causes Syphillis) O Alpha Protobacteria – Rhizobium sp. (N2 fixation in legumes) O Gram positive bacteria – Oscillatoria (filamentous phytoplankton)arrow_forwardA walk along Walden Pond, part 1: You are completing an illustrated nature guide for Walden Pond. You are drawing and identifying organisms you discover (see photos below) Identify the green specimens in the 2 photos above and explain what they are O Cyanobacter; form symbuiosis with rocks and plants, perform nitrogen-fixation O Mycorrhizaae; parsirism of fungi on plants and rocks O Algae; photosynthetic organism without roots, perform oxygenic photosynthesis O Lichens; mutualistic symbiosis between fungi and algae and/or cyanobacteriaarrow_forwardGive me examples of a growing medium devoid of any carbon source and poor in nutrients?arrow_forward
- Suppose that a virus destroys all arthropods in a soil community. Which of the following is not a population that will benefit from this event? a) Nematodes b) Birds c) Fungi d) Bacteriaarrow_forwardHow do plants benefit from symbiotic associations with bacteria? With fungi? (answer must not exceed one paragraph)arrow_forwardWhich is false among A-E regarding symbiotic nitrogen fixation? A) O Initiation of the symbiosis involves communication between the plant and bacteria B)O Within the plant, the bacteria differentiate into N2 fixing bacteroids C) O The N2-fixation process is sensitive to oxygen. D) O The bacteria infect the root of the plant via an infection thread. E) O None are false; A-E are all true,arrow_forward
- this was wrong please helparrow_forwardSoil contains a number of habitats in which microorganisms thrive. What is the term given to the environment on the surface of the plant root? Rhizobium Rhizoplane Rhizopane Rhizopane None of the optionsarrow_forwardBiological N fixation is carryed out by: -Prokaryotes carrying nitrogenase enzymes -Denitroreductase and nitrogenase enzymes -Only rhizobium-legume symbiosys -Unicelluar eukariotes, bacteria and achaea -Two very special genus of bacteriaarrow_forward
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