
Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation: To indicate whether the intermediate fructose 6−phosphate in the glycolysis pathway is a C6 molecule or a C3 molecule.
Concept introduction: Glycolysis is the
The block diagram to represent an overview of glycolysis is as follows:
From the above diagram, it is concluded that in the overall process of glycolysis, two stages are present.
a) Steps 1 to 3 represents a six-carbon stage (C6 stage).
b) Steps 4 to 10 represent a three-carbon stage (C3 stage).
In the C6 stage, the intermediates are derivatives of either glucose or fructose. Glucose and fructose contain six carbon atoms. Therefore, they are C6 molecules. The phosphate groups are present in the intermediates.
In the C3 stage, the intermediates are phosphorylated derivatives of glyceraldehyde, pyruvate, glycerate, or dihydroxyacetone, which are derivatives of either acetone or glycerol. Acetone and glycerol contain three carbon atoms. Therefore, they are C3 molecules.
(a)

Answer to Problem 24.9EP
The intermediate fructose 6−phosphate is a C6 molecule.
Explanation of Solution
The structure of fructose 6−phosphate is as follows:
Here, denotes the PO2−3 unit.
The intermediate fructose 6−phosphate is formed in the C6 stage and it is the phosphorylated derivative of fructose. Therefore, the intermediate fructose 6−phosphate is a C6 molecule.
The intermediate fructose 6−phosphate is formed in the C6 stage and it is the phosphorylated derivative of fructose. It contains six carbon atoms. Therefore, it is a C6 molecule.
(b)
Interpretation: To indicate whether the intermediate phosphoenolpyruvate in the glycolysis pathway is a C6 molecule or a C3 molecule.
Concept introduction: In the glycolysis metabolic pathway, a glucose molecule is converted into two pyruvate molecules. Two ATP molecules and NADH coenzymes are produced along with pyruvate.
The block diagram to represent an overview of glycolysis is as follows:
From the above diagram, it is concluded that in the overall process of glycolysis, two stages are present.
a) Steps 1 to 3 represents a six-carbon stage (C6 stage).
b) Steps 4 to 10 represent a three-carbon stage (C3 stage).
In the C6 stage, the intermediates are derivatives of either glucose or fructose. Glucose and fructose contain six carbon atoms. Therefore, they are C6 molecules. The phosphate groups are present in the intermediates.
In the C3 stage, the intermediates are phosphorylated derivatives of glyceraldehyde, pyruvate, glycerate, or dihydroxyacetone, which are derivatives of either acetone or glycerol. Acetone and glycerol contain three carbon atoms. Therefore, they are C3 molecules.
(b)

Answer to Problem 24.9EP
Phosphoenolpyruvate is a C3 molecule.
Explanation of Solution
The structure of phosphoenolpyruvate is as follows:
Phosphoenolpyruvate is formed in the C3 stage and it is the phosphorylated derivative of pyruvate. Therefore, it is a C3 molecule.
Phosphoenolpyruvate is formed in the C3 stage and it is the phosphorylated derivative of pyruvate. It contains three carbon atoms. Therefore, it is a C3 molecule.
(c)
Interpretation: To indicate whether the intermediate 3−Phosphoglycerate in the glycolysis pathway is a C6 molecule or a C3 molecule.
Concept introduction: In the glycolysis metabolic pathway, a glucose molecule is converted into two pyruvate molecules. Two ATP molecules and NADH coenzymes are produced along with pyruvate.
The block diagram to represent an overview of glycolysis is as follows:
From the above diagram, it is concluded that in the overall process of glycolysis, two stages are present.
a) Steps 1 to 3 represents a six-carbon stage (C6 stage).
b) Steps 4 to 10 represent a three-carbon stage (C3 stage).
In the C6 stage, the intermediates are derivatives of either glucose or fructose. Glucose and fructose contain six carbon atoms. Therefore, they are C6 molecules. The phosphate groups are present in the intermediates.
In the C3 stage, the intermediates are phosphorylated derivatives of glyceraldehyde, pyruvate, glycerate, or dihydroxyacetone, which are derivatives of either acetone or glycerol. Acetone and glycerol contain three carbon atoms. Therefore, they are C3 molecules.
(c)

Answer to Problem 24.9EP
The intermediate 3−Phosphoglycerate is a C3 molecule.
Explanation of Solution
The structure of 3−phosphoglycerate is as follows:
The intermediate 3−phosphoglycerate is formed in the C3 stage and it is the phosphorylated derivative of glycerate. Therefore, it is a C3 molecule.
The intermediate 3−Phosphoglycerate is formed in the C3 stage and it is the phosphorylated derivative of glycerate. It contains six carbon atoms. Therefore, it is a C3 molecule.
(d)
Interpretation: To indicate whether the intermediate dihydroxyacetone phosphate
in the glycolysis pathway is a C6 molecule or a C3 molecule.
Concept introduction: In the glycolysis metabolic pathway, a glucose molecule is converted into two pyruvate molecules. Two ATP molecules and NADH coenzymes are produced along with pyruvate.
The block diagram to represent an overview of glycolysis is as follows:
From the above diagram, it is concluded that in the overall process of glycolysis, two stages are present.
a) Steps 1 to 3 represents a six-carbon stage (C6 stage).
b) Steps 4 to 10 represent a three-carbon stage (C3 stage).
In the C6 stage, the intermediates are derivatives of either glucose or fructose. Glucose and fructose contain six carbon atoms. Therefore, they are C6 molecules. The phosphate groups are present in the intermediates.
In the C3 stage, the intermediates are phosphorylated derivatives of glyceraldehyde, pyruvate, glycerate, or dihydroxyacetone, which are derivatives of either acetone or glycerol. Acetone and glycerol contain three carbon atoms. Therefore, they are C3 molecules.
(d)

Answer to Problem 24.9EP
Dihydroxyacetone phosphate is a C3 molecule.
Explanation of Solution
The structure of dihydroxyacetone phosphate is as follows:
The intermediate dihydroxyacetone phosphate is formed in the C3 stage and it is the phosphorylated derivative of dihydroxyacetone. Therefore, it is a C3 molecule.
Dihydroxyacetone phosphate is formed in the C3 stage and it is the phosphorylated derivative of dihydroxyacetone. It contains three carbon atoms. Therefore, it is a C3 molecule.
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Chapter 24 Solutions
General, Organic, And Biological Chemistry, Hybrid (with Owlv2 Quick Prep For General Chemistry Printed Access Card)
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