
a)
Interpretation:
The type of analyte that is used to respond to thermal conductivity gas chromatography detector has to be identified.
Concept Introduction:
Gas chromatography detector:
Flame ionization detector and thermal conductivity detector are most commonly used detector in gas chromatography. They both are sensitive to wide range of components and work over wide range of concentrations. Thermal conductivity detector is used to detect any component other than carrier gas whereas Flame ionization detector is sensitive to Hydrocarbons and is more sensitive than Thermal conductivity detector. Water cannot be detected by Flame ionization detector. Thermal conductivity detector is non-destructive and could be operated in series but Flame ionization detector is destructive one.
Some other detector includes catalytic combustion detector, discharge ionization detector, Electron capture detector, Flame photometric detector etc.
To identify the type of analyte that is used to respond to thermal conductivity of gas chromatography detector
a)

Explanation of Solution
All analytes responds to thermal conductivity gas chromatography detector.
b)
Interpretation:
The type of analyte that is used to respond to flame ionization gas chromatography detector has to be identified.
Concept Introduction:
Gas chromatography detector:
Flame ionization detector and thermal conductivity detector are most commonly used detector in gas chromatography. They both are sensitive to wide range of components and work over wide range of concentrations. Thermal conductivity detector is used to detect any component other than carrier gas whereas Flame ionization detector is sensitive to Hydrocarbons and is more sensitive than Thermal conductivity detector. Water cannot be detected by Flame ionization detector. Thermal conductivity detector is non-destructive and could be operated in series but Flame ionization detector is destructive one.
Some other detector includes catalytic combustion detector, discharge ionization detector, Electron capture detector, Flame photometric detector etc.
To identify the type of analyte that is used to respond to flame ionization gas chromatography detector
b)

Explanation of Solution
Carbon atoms containing Hydrogen atoms responds to flame ionization gas chromatography detector.
c)
Interpretation:
The type of analyte that is used to respond to electron capture gas chromatography detector has to be identified.
Concept Introduction:
Gas chromatography detector:
Flame ionization detector and thermal conductivity detector are most commonly used detector in gas chromatography. They both are sensitive to wide range of components and work over wide range of concentrations. Thermal conductivity detector is used to detect any component other than carrier gas whereas Flame ionization detector is sensitive to Hydrocarbons and is more sensitive than Thermal conductivity detector. Water cannot be detected by Flame ionization detector. Thermal conductivity detector is non-destructive and could be operated in series but Flame ionization detector is destructive one.
Some other detector includes catalytic combustion detector, discharge ionization detector, Electron capture detector, Flame photometric detector etc.
To identify the type of analyte that is used to respond to electron capture gas chromatography detector
c)

Explanation of Solution
Molecules containing Halogens,
d)
Interpretation:
The type of analyte that is used to respond to flame photometric gas chromatography detector has to be identified.
Concept Introduction:
Gas chromatography detector:
Flame ionization detector and thermal conductivity detector are most commonly used detector in gas chromatography. They both are sensitive to wide range of components and work over wide range of concentrations. Thermal conductivity detector is used to detect any component other than carrier gas whereas Flame ionization detector is sensitive to Hydrocarbons and is more sensitive than Thermal conductivity detector. Water cannot be detected by Flame ionization detector. Thermal conductivity detector is non-destructive and could be operated in series but Flame ionization detector is destructive one.
Some other detector includes catalytic combustion detector, discharge ionization detector, Electron capture detector, Flame photometric detector etc.
To identify the type of analyte that is used to respond to flame photometric of gas chromatography detector
d)

Explanation of Solution
Phosphorus, Sulphur and other elements selected by wavelength responds to flame photometric gas chromatography detector.
e)
Interpretation:
The type of analyte that is used to respond to Nitrogen-phosphorus gas chromatography detector has to be identified.
Concept Introduction:
Gas chromatography detector:
Flame ionization detector and thermal conductivity detector are most commonly used detector in gas chromatography. They both are sensitive to wide range of components and work over wide range of concentrations. Thermal conductivity detector is used to detect any component other than carrier gas whereas Flame ionization detector is sensitive to Hydrocarbons and is more sensitive than Thermal conductivity detector. Water cannot be detected by Flame ionization detector. Thermal conductivity detector is non-destructive and could be operated in series but Flame ionization detector is destructive one.
Some other detector includes catalytic combustion detector, discharge ionization detector, Electron capture detector, Flame photometric detector etc.
To identify the type of analyte that is used to respond to Nitrogen-phosphorus gas chromatography detector
e)

Explanation of Solution
Phosphorus, Nitrogen and some hydrocarbons responds to Nitrogen-phosphorus gas chromatography detector.
f)
Interpretation:
The type of analyte that is used to respond to Photoionization gas chromatography detector has to be identified.
Concept Introduction:
Gas chromatography detector:
Flame ionization detector and thermal conductivity detector are most commonly used detector in gas chromatography. They both are sensitive to wide range of components and work over wide range of concentrations. Thermal conductivity detector is used to detect any component other than carrier gas whereas Flame ionization detector is sensitive to Hydrocarbons and is more sensitive than Thermal conductivity detector. Water cannot be detected by Flame ionization detector. Thermal conductivity detector is non-destructive and could be operated in series but Flame ionization detector is destructive one.
Some other detector includes catalytic combustion detector, discharge ionization detector, Electron capture detector, Flame photometric detector etc.
To identify the type of analyte that is used to respond to Photoionization gas chromatography detector
f)

Explanation of Solution
g)
Interpretation:
The type of analyte that is used to respond to Sulphur chemiluminecence gas chromatography detector has to be identified.
Concept Introduction:
Gas chromatography detector:
Flame ionization detector and thermal conductivity detector are most commonly used detector in gas chromatography. They both are sensitive to wide range of components and work over wide range of concentrations. Thermal conductivity detector is used to detect any component other than carrier gas whereas Flame ionization detector is sensitive to Hydrocarbons and is more sensitive than Thermal conductivity detector. Water cannot be detected by Flame ionization detector. Thermal conductivity detector is non-destructive and could be operated in series but Flame ionization detector is destructive one.
Some other detector includes catalytic combustion detector, discharge ionization detector, Electron capture detector, Flame photometric detector etc.
To identify the type of analyte that is used to respond to Sulphur chemiluminecence gas chromatography detector
g)

Explanation of Solution
Compounds of Sulphurs responds to Sulphur chemiluminecence gas chromatography detector.
h)
Interpretation:
The type of analyte that is used to respond to atomic emission gas chromatography detector has to be identified.
Concept Introduction:
Gas chromatography detector:
Flame ionization detector and thermal conductivity detector are most commonly used detector in gas chromatography. They both are sensitive to wide range of components and work over wide range of concentrations. Thermal conductivity detector is used to detect any component other than carrier gas whereas Flame ionization detector is sensitive to Hydrocarbons and is more sensitive than Thermal conductivity detector. Water cannot be detected by Flame ionization detector. Thermal conductivity detector is non-destructive and could be operated in series but Flame ionization detector is destructive one.
Some other detector includes catalytic combustion detector, discharge ionization detector, Electron capture detector, Flame photometric detector etc.
To identify the type of analyte that is used to respond to atomic emission gas chromatography detector
h)

Explanation of Solution
Elements that are selected individually by wavelength responds to atomic emission gas chromatography detector.
i)
Interpretation:
The type of analyte that is used to respond to mass spectrometer gas chromatography detector has to be identified.
Concept Introduction:
Gas chromatography detector:
Flame ionization detector and thermal conductivity detector are most commonly used detector in gas chromatography. They both are sensitive to wide range of components and work over wide range of concentrations. Thermal conductivity detector is used to detect any component other than carrier gas whereas Flame ionization detector is sensitive to Hydrocarbons and is more sensitive than Thermal conductivity detector. Water cannot be detected by Flame ionization detector. Thermal conductivity detector is non-destructive and could be operated in series but Flame ionization detector is destructive one.
Some other detector includes catalytic combustion detector, discharge ionization detector, Electron capture detector, Flame photometric detector etc.
To identify the type of analyte that is used to respond to mass spectrometer gas chromatography detector
i)

Explanation of Solution
All analytes responds to mass spectrometer gas chromatography detector.
j)
Interpretation:
The type of analyte that is used to respond to vacuum ultraviolet absorbance gas chromatography detector has to be identified.
Concept Introduction:
Gas chromatography detector:
Flame ionization detector and thermal conductivity detector are most commonly used detector in gas chromatography. They both are sensitive to wide range of components and work over wide range of concentrations. Thermal conductivity detector is used to detect any component other than carrier gas whereas Flame ionization detector is sensitive to Hydrocarbons and is more sensitive than Thermal conductivity detector. Water cannot be detected by Flame ionization detector. Thermal conductivity detector is non-destructive and could be operated in series but Flame ionization detector is destructive one.
Some other detector includes catalytic combustion detector, discharge ionization detector, Electron capture detector, Flame photometric detector etc.
To identify the type of analyte that is used to respond to vacuum ultraviolet absorbance gas chromatography detector
j)

Explanation of Solution
Structural isomers, all those compounds that absorb Vacuum ultraviolet region except carrier gas (Helium, Nitrogen and Hydrogen) responds to vacuum ultraviolet absorbance gas chromatography detector.
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Chapter 24 Solutions
Quantitative Chemical Analysis
- -AG|F=2E|V 3. Before proceeding with this problem you may want to glance at p. 466 of your textbook where various oxo-phosphorus derivatives and their oxidation states are summarized. Shown below are Latimer diagrams for phosphorus at pH values at 0 and 14: Acidic solution -0.93 +0.38 -0.51 -0.06 H3PO4 →H4P206 H3PO3 H3PO2 → P→ PH3 -0.28 -0.50 → -0.50 Basic solution 3-1.12 -1.57 -2.05 -0.89 PO HPO →→H2PO2 P PH3 -1.73 a) Under acidic conditions, H3PO4 can be reduced into H3PO3 directly (-0.28V), or via the formation and reduction of H4P2O6 (-0.93/+0.38V). Calculate the values of AG's for both processes; comment. (3 points) 0.5 PH, 0.0 -0.5- 2 3 9 3 -1.5 -2.0 Pa H,PO H,PO H,PO -3 -1 0 2 4 Oxidation state, N 2 b) Frost diagram for phosphorus under acidic conditions is shown. Identify possible disproportionation and comproportionation processes; write out chemical equations describing them. (2 points) c) Elemental phosphorus tends to disproportionate under basic conditions. Use data in…arrow_forwardThese two reactions appear to start with the same starting materials but result in different products. How do the chemicals know which product to form? Are both products formed, or is there some information missing that will direct them a particular way?arrow_forwardWhat would be the best choices for the missing reagents 1 and 3 in this synthesis? 1. PPh3 3 1 2 2. n-BuLi • Draw the missing reagents in the drawing area below. You can draw them in any arrangement you like. • Do not draw the missing reagent 2. If you draw 1 correctly, we'll know what it is. • Note: if one of your reagents needs to contain a halogen, use bromine. Explanation Check Click and drag to start drawing a structure. 2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use | Priva ×arrow_forward
- Predict the products of this organic reaction: Explanation Check IN NaBH3CN H+ ? Click and drag to start drawing a structure. D 5 C +arrow_forwardPredict the products of this organic reaction: H3O+ + ? • Draw all the reasonable products in the drawing area below. If there are no products, because no reaction will occur, check the box under the drawing area. • Include both major and minor products, if some of the products will be more common than others. • Be sure to use wedge and dash bonds if you need to distinguish between enantiomers. No reaction. Click and drag to start drawing a structure. dmarrow_forwardIarrow_forward
- Draw the anti-Markovnikov product of the hydration of this alkene. this problem. Note for advanced students: draw only one product, and don't worry about showing any stereochemistry. Drawing dash and wedge bonds has been disabled for esc esc ☐ Explanation Check F1 1 2 F2 # 3 F3 + $ 14 × 1. BH THE BH3 2. H O NaOH '2 2' Click and drag to start drawing a structure. F4 Q W E R A S D % 905 LL F5 F6 F7 © 2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use | Privacy Center | Accessibility < & 6 7 27 8 T Y U G H I F8 F9 F10 F11 F12 9 0 J K L P + // command option Z X C V B N M H H rol option commandarrow_forwardAG/F-2° V 3. Before proceeding with this problem you may want to glance at p. 466 of your textbook where various oxo-phosphorus derivatives and their oxidation states are summarized. Shown below are Latimer diagrams for phosphorus at pH values at 0 and 14: -0.93 +0.38 -0.50 -0.51 -0.06 H3PO4 →H4P206 →H3PO3 →→H3PO₂ → P → PH3 Acidic solution Basic solution -0.28 -0.50 3--1.12 -1.57 -2.05 -0.89 PO HPO H₂PO₂ →P → PH3 -1.73 a) Under acidic conditions, H3PO4 can be reduced into H3PO3 directly (-0.28V), or via the formation and reduction of H4P206 (-0.93/+0.38V). Calculate the values of AG's for both processes; comment. (3 points) 0.5 PH P 0.0 -0.5 -1.0- -1.5- -2.0 H.PO, -2.3+ -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 2 H,PO, b) Frost diagram for phosphorus under acidic conditions is shown. Identify possible disproportionation and comproportionation processes; write out chemical equations describing them. (2 points) H,PO 4 S Oxidation stale, Narrow_forward4. For the following complexes, draw the structures and give a d-electron count of the metal: a) Tris(acetylacetonato)iron(III) b) Hexabromoplatinate(2-) c) Potassium diamminetetrabromocobaltate(III) (6 points)arrow_forward
- 2. Calculate the overall formation constant for [Fe(CN)6]³, given that the overall formation constant for [Fe(CN)6] 4 is ~1032, and that: Fe3+ (aq) + e = Fe²+ (aq) E° = +0.77 V [Fe(CN)6]³ (aq) + e¯ = [Fe(CN)6] (aq) E° = +0.36 V (4 points)arrow_forward5. Consider the compounds shown below as ligands in coordination chemistry and identify their denticity; comment on their ability to form chelate complexes. (6 points) N N A B N N N IN N Carrow_forward1. Use standard reduction potentials to rationalize quantitatively why: (6 points) (a) Al liberates H2 from dilute HCl, but Ag does not; (b) Cl2 liberates Br2 from aqueous KBr solution, but does not liberate C12 from aqueous KCl solution; c) a method of growing Ag crystals is to immerse a zinc foil in an aqueous solution of AgNO3.arrow_forward
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