(a) Interpretation: The synthesis of isotopically labeled compound, D-glucose , is to be stated. Concept introduction: Killani Fischer synthesis is the three step process. In the first step, an aldose is converted into two cyanohydrins with an increased asymmetric carbon in the carbon chain by reacting with HCN . In the second step, the cyanohydrins are further hydrolyzed to form aldonic acids. In the third step, the aldonic acids are finally reduced to yield two diastereomeric aldoses. The overall use of Killani Fischer synthesis is to synthesize two diastereomeric aldoses with an increased asymmetric carbon from an aldose.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 24, Problem 24.46AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The synthesis of isotopically labeled compound, D-glucose, is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Killani Fischer synthesis is the three step process. In the first step, an aldose is converted into two cyanohydrins with an increased asymmetric carbon in the carbon chain by reacting with HCN. In the second step, the cyanohydrins are further hydrolyzed to form aldonic acids. In the third step, the aldonic acids are finally reduced to yield two diastereomeric aldoses. The overall use of Killani Fischer synthesis is to synthesize two diastereomeric aldoses with an increased asymmetric carbon from an aldose.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The synthesis of isotopically labeled compound, D-glucose is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Killani Fischer synthesis is the three step process. In the first step, an aldose is converted into two cyanohydrins with an increased asymmetric carbon in the carbon chain by reacting with HCN. In the second step, the cyanohydrins are further hydrolyzed to form aldonic acids. In the third step, the aldonic acids are finally reduced to yield two diastereomeric aldoses. The overall use of Killani Fischer synthesis is to synthesize two diastereomeric aldoses with an increased asymmetric carbon from an aldose.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The synthesis of isotopically labeled compound, D-glucose is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Ruff degradation is a process in which an aldose is converted into another aldose containing one carbon less than the starting aldose. In this process, an aldose is converted into aldonic acid by oxidation with Br2/H2O and Ca(OH)2. The decarboxylation of calcium salt of aldonic acid occurs when it is treated with Fe and H2O2 and results in the formation of an aldose containg a carbon atom less than the starting aldose.

Killani Fischer synthesis is a three step process: conversion of aldose into cyanohydrins; hydrolysis; and reduction. The overall use of Killani Fischer synthesis is to synthesize two diastereomeric aldoses with an increased asymmetric carbon from an aldose.

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There are 48 pairs of students in the following table. Each pair has quantitatively determined the mass of taurine in a 250 mL can of the popular energy drink marketed as “Munster” using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The class results are presented below: QUESTION: Summarise and report these results including an indication of measurement uncertainty. In both calculation samples calculate if an outlier is present, max value, number of samples, mean, standard deviation, g (suspect), g (critical) and t (critical). Mass of Taurine (mg) Mass of Taurine (mg) (Table continued) 152.01 152.23 151.87 151.45 154.11 152.64 152.98 153.24 152.88 151.45 153.49 152.48 150.68 152.33 151.52 153.63 152.48 151.68 153.17 153.40 153.77 153.67 152.34 153.16 152.57 153.02 152.86 151.50 151.23 152.57 152.72 151.54 146.47 152.38 152.44 152.54 152.53 152.54 151.32…

Indicate the rate expressions for reactions that have order 0, 1, and 2.

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 24, Problem 24.46AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The synthesis of isotopically labeled compound, D-glucose, is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Killani Fischer synthesis is the three step process. In the first step, an aldose is converted into two cyanohydrins with an increased asymmetric carbon in the carbon chain by reacting with HCN. In the second step, the cyanohydrins are further hydrolyzed to form aldonic acids. In the third step, the aldonic acids are finally reduced to yield two diastereomeric aldoses. The overall use of Killani Fischer synthesis is to synthesize two diastereomeric aldoses with an increased asymmetric carbon from an aldose.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The synthesis of isotopically labeled compound, D-glucose is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Killani Fischer synthesis is the three step process. In the first step, an aldose is converted into two cyanohydrins with an increased asymmetric carbon in the carbon chain by reacting with HCN. In the second step, the cyanohydrins are further hydrolyzed to form aldonic acids. In the third step, the aldonic acids are finally reduced to yield two diastereomeric aldoses. The overall use of Killani Fischer synthesis is to synthesize two diastereomeric aldoses with an increased asymmetric carbon from an aldose.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The synthesis of isotopically labeled compound, D-glucose is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Ruff degradation is a process in which an aldose is converted into another aldose containing one carbon less than the starting aldose. In this process, an aldose is converted into aldonic acid by oxidation with Br2/H2O and Ca(OH)2. The decarboxylation of calcium salt of aldonic acid occurs when it is treated with Fe and H2O2 and results in the formation of an aldose containg a carbon atom less than the starting aldose.

Killani Fischer synthesis is a three step process: conversion of aldose into cyanohydrins; hydrolysis; and reduction. The overall use of Killani Fischer synthesis is to synthesize two diastereomeric aldoses with an increased asymmetric carbon from an aldose.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 24, Problem 24.46AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The synthesis of isotopically labeled compound, D-glucose, is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Killani Fischer synthesis is the three step process. In the first step, an aldose is converted into two cyanohydrins with an increased asymmetric carbon in the carbon chain by reacting with HCN. In the second step, the cyanohydrins are further hydrolyzed to form aldonic acids. In the third step, the aldonic acids are finally reduced to yield two diastereomeric aldoses. The overall use of Killani Fischer synthesis is to synthesize two diastereomeric aldoses with an increased asymmetric carbon from an aldose.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The synthesis of isotopically labeled compound, D-glucose is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Killani Fischer synthesis is the three step process. In the first step, an aldose is converted into two cyanohydrins with an increased asymmetric carbon in the carbon chain by reacting with HCN. In the second step, the cyanohydrins are further hydrolyzed to form aldonic acids. In the third step, the aldonic acids are finally reduced to yield two diastereomeric aldoses. The overall use of Killani Fischer synthesis is to synthesize two diastereomeric aldoses with an increased asymmetric carbon from an aldose.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The synthesis of isotopically labeled compound, D-glucose is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Ruff degradation is a process in which an aldose is converted into another aldose containing one carbon less than the starting aldose. In this process, an aldose is converted into aldonic acid by oxidation with Br2/H2O and Ca(OH)2. The decarboxylation of calcium salt of aldonic acid occurs when it is treated with Fe and H2O2 and results in the formation of an aldose containg a carbon atom less than the starting aldose.

Killani Fischer synthesis is a three step process: conversion of aldose into cyanohydrins; hydrolysis; and reduction. The overall use of Killani Fischer synthesis is to synthesize two diastereomeric aldoses with an increased asymmetric carbon from an aldose.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 24, Problem 24.46AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The synthesis of isotopically labeled compound, D-glucose, is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Killani Fischer synthesis is the three step process. In the first step, an aldose is converted into two cyanohydrins with an increased asymmetric carbon in the carbon chain by reacting with HCN. In the second step, the cyanohydrins are further hydrolyzed to form aldonic acids. In the third step, the aldonic acids are finally reduced to yield two diastereomeric aldoses. The overall use of Killani Fischer synthesis is to synthesize two diastereomeric aldoses with an increased asymmetric carbon from an aldose.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The synthesis of isotopically labeled compound, D-glucose is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Killani Fischer synthesis is the three step process. In the first step, an aldose is converted into two cyanohydrins with an increased asymmetric carbon in the carbon chain by reacting with HCN. In the second step, the cyanohydrins are further hydrolyzed to form aldonic acids. In the third step, the aldonic acids are finally reduced to yield two diastereomeric aldoses. The overall use of Killani Fischer synthesis is to synthesize two diastereomeric aldoses with an increased asymmetric carbon from an aldose.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The synthesis of isotopically labeled compound, D-glucose is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Ruff degradation is a process in which an aldose is converted into another aldose containing one carbon less than the starting aldose. In this process, an aldose is converted into aldonic acid by oxidation with Br2/H2O and Ca(OH)2. The decarboxylation of calcium salt of aldonic acid occurs when it is treated with Fe and H2O2 and results in the formation of an aldose containg a carbon atom less than the starting aldose.

Killani Fischer synthesis is a three step process: conversion of aldose into cyanohydrins; hydrolysis; and reduction. The overall use of Killani Fischer synthesis is to synthesize two diastereomeric aldoses with an increased asymmetric carbon from an aldose.

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Answer 5

Chapter 24, Problem 24.46AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The synthesis of isotopically labeled compound, D-glucose, is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Killani Fischer synthesis is the three step process. In the first step, an aldose is converted into two cyanohydrins with an increased asymmetric carbon in the carbon chain by reacting with HCN. In the second step, the cyanohydrins are further hydrolyzed to form aldonic acids. In the third step, the aldonic acids are finally reduced to yield two diastereomeric aldoses. The overall use of Killani Fischer synthesis is to synthesize two diastereomeric aldoses with an increased asymmetric carbon from an aldose.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The synthesis of isotopically labeled compound, D-glucose is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Killani Fischer synthesis is the three step process. In the first step, an aldose is converted into two cyanohydrins with an increased asymmetric carbon in the carbon chain by reacting with HCN. In the second step, the cyanohydrins are further hydrolyzed to form aldonic acids. In the third step, the aldonic acids are finally reduced to yield two diastereomeric aldoses. The overall use of Killani Fischer synthesis is to synthesize two diastereomeric aldoses with an increased asymmetric carbon from an aldose.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The synthesis of isotopically labeled compound, D-glucose is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Ruff degradation is a process in which an aldose is converted into another aldose containing one carbon less than the starting aldose. In this process, an aldose is converted into aldonic acid by oxidation with Br2/H2O and Ca(OH)2. The decarboxylation of calcium salt of aldonic acid occurs when it is treated with Fe and H2O2 and results in the formation of an aldose containg a carbon atom less than the starting aldose.

Killani Fischer synthesis is a three step process: conversion of aldose into cyanohydrins; hydrolysis; and reduction. The overall use of Killani Fischer synthesis is to synthesize two diastereomeric aldoses with an increased asymmetric carbon from an aldose.

Answer 6

Chapter 24, Problem 24.46AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The synthesis of isotopically labeled compound, D-glucose, is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Killani Fischer synthesis is the three step process. In the first step, an aldose is converted into two cyanohydrins with an increased asymmetric carbon in the carbon chain by reacting with HCN. In the second step, the cyanohydrins are further hydrolyzed to form aldonic acids. In the third step, the aldonic acids are finally reduced to yield two diastereomeric aldoses. The overall use of Killani Fischer synthesis is to synthesize two diastereomeric aldoses with an increased asymmetric carbon from an aldose.

Answer 7

Chapter 24, Problem 24.46AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The synthesis of isotopically labeled compound, D-glucose, is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Killani Fischer synthesis is the three step process. In the first step, an aldose is converted into two cyanohydrins with an increased asymmetric carbon in the carbon chain by reacting with HCN. In the second step, the cyanohydrins are further hydrolyzed to form aldonic acids. In the third step, the aldonic acids are finally reduced to yield two diastereomeric aldoses. The overall use of Killani Fischer synthesis is to synthesize two diastereomeric aldoses with an increased asymmetric carbon from an aldose.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The synthesis of isotopically labeled compound, D-glucose is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Killani Fischer synthesis is the three step process. In the first step, an aldose is converted into two cyanohydrins with an increased asymmetric carbon in the carbon chain by reacting with HCN. In the second step, the cyanohydrins are further hydrolyzed to form aldonic acids. In the third step, the aldonic acids are finally reduced to yield two diastereomeric aldoses. The overall use of Killani Fischer synthesis is to synthesize two diastereomeric aldoses with an increased asymmetric carbon from an aldose.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The synthesis of isotopically labeled compound, D-glucose is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Killani Fischer synthesis is the three step process. In the first step, an aldose is converted into two cyanohydrins with an increased asymmetric carbon in the carbon chain by reacting with HCN. In the second step, the cyanohydrins are further hydrolyzed to form aldonic acids. In the third step, the aldonic acids are finally reduced to yield two diastereomeric aldoses. The overall use of Killani Fischer synthesis is to synthesize two diastereomeric aldoses with an increased asymmetric carbon from an aldose.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The synthesis of isotopically labeled compound, D-glucose is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Ruff degradation is a process in which an aldose is converted into another aldose containing one carbon less than the starting aldose. In this process, an aldose is converted into aldonic acid by oxidation with Br2/H2O and Ca(OH)2. The decarboxylation of calcium salt of aldonic acid occurs when it is treated with Fe and H2O2 and results in the formation of an aldose containg a carbon atom less than the starting aldose.

Killani Fischer synthesis is a three step process: conversion of aldose into cyanohydrins; hydrolysis; and reduction. The overall use of Killani Fischer synthesis is to synthesize two diastereomeric aldoses with an increased asymmetric carbon from an aldose.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The synthesis of isotopically labeled compound, D-glucose is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Ruff degradation is a process in which an aldose is converted into another aldose containing one carbon less than the starting aldose. In this process, an aldose is converted into aldonic acid by oxidation with Br2/H2O and Ca(OH)2. The decarboxylation of calcium salt of aldonic acid occurs when it is treated with Fe and H2O2 and results in the formation of an aldose containg a carbon atom less than the starting aldose.

Killani Fischer synthesis is a three step process: conversion of aldose into cyanohydrins; hydrolysis; and reduction. The overall use of Killani Fischer synthesis is to synthesize two diastereomeric aldoses with an increased asymmetric carbon from an aldose.

Answer 12

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Answer 15

Ch. 24 - Prob. 24.1P Ch. 24 - Prob. 24.2P Ch. 24 - Prob. 24.3P Ch. 24 - Prob. 24.4P Ch. 24 - Prob. 24.5P Ch. 24 - Prob. 24.6P Ch. 24 - Prob. 24.7P Ch. 24 - Prob. 24.8P Ch. 24 - Prob. 24.9P Ch. 24 - Prob. 24.10P

Solution Summary: The author explains Killani Fischer's three-step process of synthesis of isotopically labeled compound, D-glucose.

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Chapter 24 Solutions