
(a)
Interpretation:
Product formed by the fusion of two
Concept Introduction:
Nuclear fusion is the reaction between two or more nuclei and which comes close enough to form one or more different atomic nuclei and subatomic particle.
(a)

Explanation of Solution
Fusion of two
Therefore, the reaction can be given as,
(b)
Interpretation:
Energy released during the reaction has to be determined.
Concept Introduction:
Nuclear binding energy: It is the energy that requires for the breaking one mole of nuclei of an element to its individual nucleons.
It can be calculated using the given formula,
Change in mass of a given reaction can be determined as given,
(b)

Explanation of Solution
Given information is shown below,
- Calculate the mass difference:
Mass difference of the reaction can be calculated as given,
Mass difference is
- Convert the unit of mass difference:
Unit of mass difference is converted from
- Calculate the energy per atom:
Energy per atom is calculated as follows for the reaction,
Energy per atom of the given reaction is
- Convert the unit of energy:
Unit of energy is converted from
Therefore,
Energy released during the reaction is
(c)
Interpretation:
Number of positron released during the given reaction has to be determined.
Concept Introduction:
Nuclear reaction: A nuclear reaction in which a lighter nucleus fuses together into new stable nuclei or a heavier nucleus split into stable daughter nuclei with the release of large amount of energy.
Common particles in radioactive decay and nuclear transformations are mentioned below,
(c)

Explanation of Solution
The given unbalanced
The positron particles do not have any impact on mass number. Hence, total atomic number released by the positron particles can be determined by taking the difference between the atomic number of Hydrogen and Helium.
Atomic number of each positron particle is 1. Hence, number of positron particle is 2.
Therefore, equation can be given as,
(d)
Interpretation:
Changes in mass per kilogram of dilithium and of Helium-4 have to be compared.
Concept Introduction:
Nuclear binding energy: It is the energy that requires for the breaking one mole of nuclei of an element to its individual nucleons.
It can be calculated using the given formula,
Change in mass of a given reaction can be determined as given,
(d)

Explanation of Solution
Given information is shown below,
- Calculate change in mass per kilogram of dilithium:
Change in mass per kilogram of dilithium is determined as follows,
Mass per kilogram of dilithium is
- Calculate the mass difference for the formation of Helium-4:
Mass difference of the reaction can be calculated as given,
Mass difference for the formation of Helium-4 is
- Calculate change in mass per kilogram of Helium-4:
Change in mass per kilogram of Helium-4 is determined as follows,
Mass per kilogram of Helium-4 is
Comparing both the values, mass per kilogram of Helium-4 is much higher than mass per kilogram of dilithium.
(e)
Interpretation:
Change in mass per kilogram for method used in current fusion reactors has to be compared.
Concept Introduction:
Nuclear binding energy: It is the energy that requires for the breaking one mole of nuclei of an element to its individual nucleons.
It can be calculated using the given formula,
Change in mass of a given reaction can be determined as given,
(e)

Explanation of Solution
Given information is shown below,
- Calculate the mass of reactants and products:
Mass of reactants is determined as shown below,
Mass of products is determined as shown below,
- Calculate the mass difference:
Mass difference of the reaction can be calculated as given,
Mass difference is
- Calculate change in mass per kilogram of Helium-4 used in current fusion reactors:
Change in mass per kilogram is determined as follows,
Change in mass per kilogram of Helium-4 used in current fusion reactors is
Mass per kilogram of dilithium is
Comparing both the values, mass per kilogram of Helium-4 used in current fusion reactors is much higher than mass per kilogram of dilithium.
(f)
Interpretation:
Change in mass of the given reaction has to be determined and compared with the value of dilithium reaction.
Concept Introduction:
Nuclear binding energy: It is the energy that requires for the breaking one mole of nuclei of an element to its individual nucleons.
It can be calculated using the given formula,
Change in mass of a given reaction can be determined as given,
(f)

Explanation of Solution
Given reaction is
Mass per kilogram of
Mass per kilogram of
Mass of
Mass of
Change in mass for dilithium reaction is shown below,
Change in mass for dilithium reaction is
Comparing to change in mass for the dilithium reaction, change in mass for the fusion of tritium with deuterium is slightly high.
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Chapter 24 Solutions
Loose Leaf for Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change
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