Renal compensation: Renal tubules alter the secretion rate of hydrogen ions (H + ) and thereby maintain the normal pH. The urinary system needs several hours to days to produce its effect because it can buffer large amount of acid or base and restores the normal pH. It excretes acid in the urine depending on varying concentrations of acids. H + ions are secreted by the renal tubules to the tubular fluid, and H + ions bind to bicarbonate, phosphate, and ammonia buffers.

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In order to establish the expiration date of perishable food, growth curve data must be collected. Once the microbial load is so high that it poses a hazard to human health, the food item is no longer considered safe (expired). Generally a load of x50,000 bacteria/gram is considered unsafe. Your task is to determine the microbial growth curves for MicroYo, a new brand of yogurt. The growth is determined by sampling the yogurt and growing the bacterial isolates in broth culture which is then serially diluted by a total of x10,000 and inoculated onto standard petri plates of nutrient agar. The following colony counts are measured: Time (days) MicroYo colony count# 1 1 4 1 12 2 16 20 4 7 What day should you recommend expiring the yogurt (the last possible date before the microbial load is unsafe). 12 4 20 16

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Chapter 24, Problem 19TYR

Summary Introduction

Introduction:

Renal compensation: Renal tubules alter the secretion rate of hydrogen ions (H⁺) and thereby maintain the normal pH. The urinary system needs several hours to days to produce its effect because it can buffer large amount of acid or base and restores the normal pH. It excretes acid in the urine depending on varying concentrations of acids. H⁺ ions are secreted by the renal tubules to the tubular fluid, and H⁺ ions bind to bicarbonate, phosphate, and ammonia buffers.

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In order to establish the expiration date of perishable food, growth curve data must be collected. Once the microbial load is so high that it poses a hazard to human health, the food item is no longer considered safe (expired). Generally a load of x50,000 bacteria/gram is considered unsafe. Your task is to determine the microbial growth curves for MicroYo, a new brand of yogurt. The growth is determined by sampling the yogurt and growing the bacterial isolates in broth culture which is then serially diluted by a total of x10,000 and inoculated onto standard petri plates of nutrient agar. The following colony counts are measured: Time (days) MicroYo colony count# 1 1 4 1 12 2 16 20 4 7 What day should you recommend expiring the yogurt (the last possible date before the microbial load is unsafe). 12 4 20 16

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