Universe: Stars And Galaxies
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781319115098
Author: Roger Freedman, Robert Geller, William J. Kaufmann
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Chapter 24, Problem 19Q
To determine
The explanation of the difference between the quasars and blazars.
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Each point on the above diagram shows the line-of-sight recession velocity versus distance for a number of distant galaxies. Describe how the recession velocities of galaxies are measured by astronomers. Explain the different techniques used by astronomers to measure the distances to galaxies, and describe how these methods are used to construct the distance ladder.
What are the characteristics of an E7 Galaxy? What about E0 galaxy? Explain.
What evidence do we have that quasars are a few parsecs or smaller in size?
Chapter 24 Solutions
Universe: Stars And Galaxies
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- Why are quasars generally so much more luminous (why do they put out so much more energy) than active galaxies?arrow_forwardDescribe some differences between quasars and normal galaxies.arrow_forwardWhy do astronomers believe that quasars represent an early stage in the evolution of galaxies?arrow_forward
- Why don’t any of the methods for establishing distances to galaxies, described in Galaxies (other than Hubble’s law itself), work for quasars?arrow_forwardRapid variability in quasars indicates that the region in which the energy is generated must be small. You can show why this is true. Suppose, for example, that the region in which the energy is generated is a transparent sphere 1 light-year in diameter. Suppose that in 1 s this region brightens by a factor of 10 and remains bright for two years, after which it returns to its original luminosity. Draw its light curve (a graph of its brightness over time) as viewed from Earth.arrow_forwardHow the Hubble law allows you to estimate the distances to galaxies? Explain.arrow_forward
- Which of the following best describe the reasons we have to infer that a supermassive blackhole lurks in the centre of our galaxy? Stars keep disappearing from view as they get swallowed up in the galactic centre. Tight orbit of stars around an invisible companion & giant bubbles of cold, star forming gas have been expelled from galactic centre. We can measure the gravitational waves coming from such an enormous black hole. O Tight orbit of stars around an invisible companion & giant bubbles filled with gamma rays expelled from the galactic centre.arrow_forward) what are some fundamental properties of late type galaxies that our theories of galaxy formation must reproduce? 2.) what are some fundamental properties of early type galaxies that our theories of galaxy formation must reproduce?arrow_forwardHow astronomers determine the distance of a galaxy? Explain.arrow_forward
- Suppose you have obtained spectra of several galaxies and have measuerd the observed wavelength of the H-Alpha line (rest wavelength = 656.3 nm) to be Galaxy 1: 658.1 nm. Galaxy 2: 667.1 nm. Galaxy 3: 677.6 nm. Assuming a Hubble Constant of 72.5 km/s/Mpc, calculate the distance to each of these galaxies (answer in Mpc)arrow_forwardOne way to calculate the size and shape of the Galaxy is to estimate the distances to faint stars just from their observed apparent brightnesses and to note the distance at which stars are no longer observable. The first astronomers to try this experiment did not know that starlight is dimmed by interstellar dust. Their estimates of the size of the Galaxy were much too small. Explain why.arrow_forwardSuppose somebody proposed that rather than invoking dark matter to explain the increased orbital velocities of stars beyond the Sun’s orbit, the problem could be solved by assuming that the Milky Way’s central black hole was much more massive. Does simply increasing the assumed mass of the Milky Way’s central supermassive black hole correctly resolve the issue of unexpectedly high orbital velocities in the Galaxy? Why or why not?arrow_forward
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