Principles of Economics (12th Edition)
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134078779
Author: Karl E. Case, Ray C. Fair, Sharon E. Oster
Publisher: PEARSON
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Question
Chapter 23, Problem 5.1P
To determine
The multiplier process.
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Students have asked these similar questions
a. Is the equilibrium level of income higher or lower than it was in problem 1(a)? Calculate
the new equilibrium level, Y', to verify this.
b. Now suppose investment increases to I = 100, just as, in problem 1(d). What is the new
equilibrium income?
Does this change in investment spending have more or less of an effect on Y than it did
in problem 1? Why?
Draw a diagram indicating the change in equilibrium income in this case.
с.
d.
3. Now we look at the role taxes play in determining equilibrium income. Suppose we have an
economy of the type in Sections 10-4 and 10-5, described by the following functions:
C = 50 +.8YD
I = 70
G = 200
TR = 100
1-0-0-20.
t = .20
a. Calculate the equilibrium level of income and the multiplier in this model.
b. Calculate also the budget surplus, BS.
c. Suppose that t increases to .25. What is the new equilibrium income? The new multiplier?
d. Calculate the change in the budget surplus. Would you expect the change in the surplus
to be more or less if c = .9…
What is the multiplier effect?
The multiplier is simply the ratio of the change in (r
spending. Multiplying the initial change in spending by the multiplier gives you the amount of
change in real GDP.
G
) to the initial change in
The multiplier effect can work in a positive or a negative direction. An initial increase in spending will
result in a (smaller, larger) increase in real GDP, and an initial decrease in spending will result in
a larger (increase, decrease ) in real GDP. The multiplier magnifies the fluctuations in economic
activity initiated by changes in investment spending, net exports, government spending, or
consumption spending.
The multiplier is related to the marginal propensities. The MPC is (directly, inversely ) related to the size
of the multiplier. The MPS is (directly, inversely ) related to the size of the multiplier.
What will multiplier and MPS be when the MPC is .9, and 0.5?
MPC
MPS
Multiplier
.9
.5
How much of a change in GDP will result if firms increase…
1) Determine the value of the multiplier for this economy, and find the equilibrium value of Y.
Chapter 23 Solutions
Principles of Economics (12th Edition)
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Similar questions
- Construct the multiplier model using the consumption function: and an investment spending I =20 (assume no G and NX): a) How much is the expenditure multiplier? b) How much is the equilibrium output with the given C and I? c) If government will increase its spending G = 20, how much will be the change in Y?arrow_forwardPlease write down whether the following statements are true or false, and explain your answer very briefly A)If actual investment is greater than planned investment, inventories increase more than planned. B)The marginal propensity to consume is the change in consumption expenditure divided by the percentage change in income. C)Gross domestic product (GDP) is the value of all goods and services produced in an economy over a particular time period. D)Monetary policy refers to taxation and spending policies implemented by government. E)In a simple Keynesian model (with lump-sum taxes and a MPC of 0.8), a tax cut of 20 billion TL will have less of an impact on GDP than an increase in government spending of 10 billion TL. D)When you take 1000 TL from your savings account and deposit it in your checking account, M2 decreases. F)An open market purchase of government securities (such as Treasury Bills) by the Central Bank will decrease the money supply and raise the interest rate.…arrow_forwardWhat is exogenous (autonomous) expenditure and what is the value of the multiplier? Calculate equilibrium output for this economy. Show how you obtained your figure.arrow_forward
- Which of the following is a true statement about the multiplier? The formula for the multiplier overstates the real world multiplier when we take into account the impact of changes in GDP on imports, inflation and the interest rate. The larger the MPC, the smaller the multiplier. The multiplier is the ratio of the change in spending to the change in GDP. The multiplier makes the economy less sensitive to changes in autonomous expenditure.arrow_forwardThe equilibrium position for an economy is represented by the following equations: Y = C + I, + G %3D C = a + b(Y – T) T = tY Let a = 25, b = 0.8 and t = (0.3. %3D Determine the value of the multiplier for this economy. Show your working.arrow_forwardIf C = 12 + 4/5Y, I = 20, what is the values the marginal propensity to save? What is equilibrium level of Y? Show that in equilibrium S = I.arrow_forward
- Construct the multiplier model using the consumption function C = 100 + 0.80Y and an investment spending I =20 (assume no G and NX): a) How much is the expenditure multiplier? b) How much is the equilibrium output with the given C and I? c) If government will increase its spending G = 20, how much will be the change in Y?arrow_forwardFind out the value of the multiplier if the MPC is zero?arrow_forwardIf MPC = 0.28 how much will be the additional investment required to increase income by 1300 also find the multiplier?arrow_forward
- Consider a hypothetical economy where there are no taxes and no foreign trade, and households spend $0.90 of each additional dollar they earn and ; the marginal propensity to save (MPS) for this save the remaining $0.10. The marginal propensity to consume (MPC) for this economy is economy is ; and the multiplier for this economy is Suppose investment spending in this economy decreases by $150 billion. The decrease in investment will lead to a decrease in income, generating a decrease in consumption that decreases income yet again, and so on. Fill in the following table to show the impact of the change in investment spending on the first two rounds of consumption spending and, eventually, on total output and income. Hint: Be sure to enter a negative sign in front of the number if there is a decrease in consumption. Change in Investment Spending = -$150 billion First Change in Consumption = $ Second Change in Consumption $ Total Change in Output = $ billion billion billion In reality,…arrow_forwardAn economy has a marginal propensity to consume of 0.5, and Y*, the income-expenditure equilibrium GDP, equals $500 billion. Given an autonomous increase in planned investment of $10 billion, answer the following questions. a. What is the value of the multiplier? Value of the multiplier = b. What would you expect the total change in Y* to be based on the multiplier formula? Change in Y* based on the multiplier = billion c. What is the total change in real GDP after the 10 rounds? It may be beneficial to make a table on a separate sheet of paper to calculate the change in real GDP for each of the rounds, and then add up the values. Total change in real GDP (10 rounds) =arrow_forward. You are given the following data concerning Freedonia, a new republic. 1) Consumption is 200 when income is zero and the marginal propensity to consume is 0.6 out of every dollar increase in income 2) Investment function: I = 200 3) AE ≡ C + I 4) AE = Y A. Derive the savings function? B. Suppose equation 2) is changed to I = 150. What is the new equilibrium level of income (Y)? By how much does the $50 decrease in planned investment change equilibrium income? What is the value of the tax multiplier? C. Plot the savings function from a. on a graph with equation 2).arrow_forward
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