Chapter 23, Problem 23.74AP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Based on the information given in section 23.7, the expectation as how would the common metabolite $\text{NO (nitrous oxide)}$ cross the cell membrane has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Simple diffusion:

The moment of molecules move down the concentration gradient is known as simple diffusion.

Facilitated diffusion:

The moment of molecules against the (move up) the concentration gradient and changes the shape of the membrane is known as facilitated diffusion.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Based on the information given in section 23.7, the expectation as how would the common metabolite fructose cross the cell membrane has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Simple diffusion:

The moment of molecules move down the concentration gradient is known as simple diffusion.

Facilitated diffusion:

The moment of molecules against the (move up) the concentration gradient and changes the shape of the membrane is known as facilitated diffusion.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Based on the information given in section 23.7, the expectation as how would the common metabolite ${\text{Ca}}^{2+}$ cross the cell membrane has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Active transport:

The transport of ions in the cell membrane which does need energy which is carried out by certain integral membrane proteins, because the substances move against the normal flow of concentration gradients