Chapter 23, Problem 1Q

If the Bacillus had sporulated before exposure to radiation, would that have affected the results?

Summary Introduction

To write:

Bacillus had sporulation before revelation to radiation that has affected the results.

Introduction:

Bacillus is a genus of rod-shaped bacteria and gram-negative bacteria. The word Bacillus is derived from Latin means 'stick'. The term Bacillus is specially used to depict the shape. Some Bacillus bacteria are harmful to plants, another organism, or animals.

Most strains are not pathogenic but may infect humans incidentally. Some strains are beneficial and have various industrial applications.

The formation of almost dormant forms of the bacteria is called sporulation. Sporulation is a type of asexual reproduction. In the procedure of sporulation, spores arise from vegetative cells under unfavorable environmental conditions.

The transmission or emission of the energy in the form of particles or waves by a material medium or from space is known as radiation.

Explanation of Solution

The energy of gravitational radiation and electromagnetic radiation is called radiant energy. In terms of energy; the SI unit of it is Joule (J).

The radiant energy exclusively comes from a few extra-terrestrial bodies and sun to the earth. Some of them are man-made on the surface of the Earth and some originate from natural sources. Its spectrum has wavelengths that have shorter wavelengths that include large amounts of energy. The z-rays, as well as gamma rays, are forms of radiations that are ionized.

Pyrimidine dimers are formed when UV lights absorbed by DNA. Pyrimidine dimers are formed by the formation of a covalent bond between 2 adjacent cytosine molecule and thymine molecule in a DNA strand.

The DNA of the endospores is guarded by small, acid-soluble proteins that attach to the DNA and change its composition, thereby guarding it against photochemical loss.<

An uncommon spore photoproduct is produced by UV light in the endospores that function in the enzymatic restoration of damaged DNA while endospore germination.

Spores (endospores) of Bacillus can persist without nutrients. They are resistant (or repellent) to extreme freezing, desiccation, chemical disinfectants, UV radiations, etc.

Conclusion

Yes, endospores are the most resistant and require prolonged exposure to UV radiation to penetrate deadly waves. The spores of Bacillus can withstand extreme conditions.