ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY: AN INTEGRATIVE APP
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9781266163654
Author: McKinley
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 22.4, Problem 16WDL
Which type of MHC class molecules is found on all nucleated cells and is used to communicate with cytotoxic T-lymphocytes? Which classes are displayed on APCs, and which class is used specifically to communicate with (a) helper T-lymphocytes and (b) cytotoxic T-lymphocytes?
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Which type of MHC-class molecule is found on all nucleated cells and is used to communicate with cytotoxic T-lymphocytes? Which classes are displayed on APCs, and which class is used specifically to communicate with (a) helper T-lymphocytes and (b) cytotoxic T-lymphocytes?
A flu-infected cell has down-regulated its MHC class I expression. The lymphocytes below comes to the site and interacts with the cell. How does the downregulation of MHC class I affect these ability of lymphocytes to kill the infected cell? a) influenza-specific T cell b) NK cell c) herpes-specific T cell Indicate whether the possibility increases, decreases or is unchanged for each cell.
About Antigen presenting cells, it is CORRECT to affirm that:
a). Macrophages, B lymphocytes and dendritic cells are APCs. meaning they express MHC-ll. b). Only APCs present MHC-11. c). Macrophages,B lymphocytes and dendritic cells are phagocytes, but not APCs.d). All the non-APC cells of our body present MHC-1.
Chapter 22 Solutions
ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY: AN INTEGRATIVE APP
Ch. 22.1 - Prob. 1LOCh. 22.1 - Prob. 2LOCh. 22.1 - Which pathogen must enter a cell to replicate?...Ch. 22.2 - Prob. 3LOCh. 22.2 - Prob. 2WDLCh. 22.2 - Prob. 4LOCh. 22.2 - Prob. 5LOCh. 22.2 - What is the definition of a cytokine? How are...Ch. 22.2 - Prob. 6LOCh. 22.2 - Prob. 4WDL
Ch. 22.3 - Prob. 7LOCh. 22.3 - Prob. 5WDLCh. 22.3 - LEARNING OBJECTIVE
8. Describe the cells that...Ch. 22.3 - Prob. 6WDLCh. 22.3 - How do NK cells accomplish the task of eliminating...Ch. 22.3 - Prob. 9LOCh. 22.3 - Prob. 10LOCh. 22.3 - Prob. 11LOCh. 22.3 - Prob. 8WDLCh. 22.3 - Prob. 12LOCh. 22.3 - Prob. 13LOCh. 22.3 - Prob. 14LOCh. 22.3 - Prob. 1WDTCh. 22.3 - Prob. 9WDLCh. 22.3 - Prob. 10WDLCh. 22.3 - Prob. 15LOCh. 22.3 - Prob. 16LOCh. 22.3 - Prob. 11WDLCh. 22.3 - Prob. 12WDLCh. 22.4 - Prob. 17LOCh. 22.4 - Prob. 18LOCh. 22.4 - Prob. 19LOCh. 22.4 - Prob. 13WDLCh. 22.4 - What distinguishes a hapten from an antigen?Ch. 22.4 - Prob. 20LOCh. 22.4 - Prob. 2WDTCh. 22.4 - Prob. 15WDLCh. 22.4 - Prob. 21LOCh. 22.4 - LEARNING OBJECTIVE
22. Describe antigen-presenting...Ch. 22.4 - LEARNING OBJECTIVE
23. Explain the process of...Ch. 22.4 - Prob. 24LOCh. 22.4 - Which type of MHC class molecules is found on all...Ch. 22.4 - Prob. 25LOCh. 22.4 - Prob. 17WDLCh. 22.5 - Prob. 26LOCh. 22.5 - Prob. 18WDLCh. 22.5 - Prob. 27LOCh. 22.5 - Prob. 19WDLCh. 22.5 - Prob. 28LOCh. 22.5 - LEARNING OBJECTIVE
29. Describe the formation and...Ch. 22.5 - Prob. 20WDLCh. 22.6 - LEARNING OBJECTIVE
30. Describe how both helper...Ch. 22.6 - Prob. 21WDLCh. 22.6 - How do cytokines released by helper T-lymphocytes...Ch. 22.6 - LEARNING OBJECTIVE
31. Compare the activation of...Ch. 22.6 - Prob. 23WDLCh. 22.6 - Prob. 24WDLCh. 22.6 - Prob. 32LOCh. 22.6 - Prob. 25WDLCh. 22.7 - Prob. 33LOCh. 22.7 - Prob. 34LOCh. 22.7 - Prob. 35LOCh. 22.7 - Prob. 3WDTCh. 22.7 - Prob. 26WDLCh. 22.7 - Prob. 27WDLCh. 22.7 - Prob. 36LOCh. 22.7 - Prob. 37LOCh. 22.7 - Prob. 28WDLCh. 22.8 - Prob. 38LOCh. 22.8 - Prob. 29WDLCh. 22.8 - Prob. 39LOCh. 22.8 - What are the six major functions of antibodies?...Ch. 22.8 - Prob. 40LOCh. 22.8 - Which subclass of antibodies is most prevalent?...Ch. 22.9 - Prob. 41LOCh. 22.9 - Prob. 32WDLCh. 22.9 - Prob. 42LOCh. 22.9 - Prob. 33WDLCh. 22.9 - Prob. 43LOCh. 22.9 - LEARNING OBJECTIVE
44. Describe how both active...Ch. 22.9 - Prob. 34WDLCh. 22 - Prob. 1DYBCh. 22 - _____ 2. This cell releases cytokines to activate...Ch. 22 - _____ 3. This cell is activated by binding...Ch. 22 - _____ 4. These two cells destroy an infected cell...Ch. 22 - _____ 5. All of the following are functions of...Ch. 22 - Prob. 6DYBCh. 22 - _____ 7. During which process does additional...Ch. 22 - _____ 8. This chemical is released by...Ch. 22 - _____ 9. The correct sequence of the major events...Ch. 22 - Prob. 10DYBCh. 22 - Compare the general characteristics of innate...Ch. 22 - Define the inflammatory response, and explain its...Ch. 22 - Describe an antigen.Ch. 22 - Describe class I and class II MHC molecules, and...Ch. 22 - Prob. 15DYBCh. 22 - Prob. 16DYBCh. 22 - Explain the general function of cytotoxic...Ch. 22 - Describe both the function of antibodies and...Ch. 22 - There are two branches of adaptive immunity:...Ch. 22 - Prob. 20DYBCh. 22 - Prob. 1CALCh. 22 - Prob. 2CALCh. 22 - Prob. 3CALCh. 22 - Prob. 4CALCh. 22 - Prob. 5CALCh. 22 - Prob. 1CSLCh. 22 - Prob. 2CSLCh. 22 - Prob. 3CSL
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- Peptides are stably bound to MHC molecules, and also serve to stabilize the MHC molecule on the cell surface. Once expressed on the surface of host cells, an MHC protein remains stably associated with its bound peptide for several days. This highly stable peptide binding behavior is important because: a) It prevents peptide exchanges on the cell surface, ensuring that peptide:MHC complexes are reliable indicators of the proteins present inside that host cell. b) If the MHC protein lost its peptide it would become unstable, and would be rapidly internalized and degraded. c) Pathogens would otherwise evade the immune response by making decoy peptides that mimic host cell peptides. d) Pathogens would be able to evade the T cell response by making proteases that cleave MHC proteins inducing peptide release. e) Immune responses to infection often induce noxious chemicals that damage surface MHC proteins, and might result in peptide loss.arrow_forwardHuman immune system a) Pathogen-associated molecular patterns are conserved molecular structures produced by microorganisms, but not by host cells. b) A virus-infected host cell that displays a viral antigen via MHC class I molecules may become a target of cytotoxic T cells. c) Secreted MHC Class I proteins present in blood plasma can function as opsonins. d) Both (a) and (b) are correct and (c) is incorrect e) Statements (a), (b) and (c) are all correctarrow_forwardCompare the MHC I and MHC II protein structures and peptidebinding sites. How do they differ? How are they similar?arrow_forward
- Class II MHC proteins display what kind of antigens? What class of T cell recognizes antigens bound to class II MHC? What types of cells display these proteins?arrow_forwardWhat types of cells display MHC class I and class IIantigen complexes, and what happens as a result?arrow_forwardWhat is a membrane histocompatibility complex? Contrast MHC I and MHC II.arrow_forward
- Where are major histocompatibility complex-I (MHC-I) molecules located in the human body (cells)? Briefly describe how these surface markers present antigens to other cells. (Make sure to include where the antigen originates and what type of T-cell interacts with MHC-I antigen presentation.)arrow_forwardAnswer c onlyarrow_forwardDescribe the basic structure of class I and class IImajor histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins. Inwhat functional ways do they differ?arrow_forward
- What polypeptide chains make up the MHC class molecule? MHC class II?arrow_forwardThree major cell types, dendritic cells, macrophages, and B cells, present peptides bound to MHC class II molecules for recognition by CD4 T cells. In general, these peptides are derived from proteins or pathogens taken up by the cell by endocytosis, phagocytosis, or macropinocytosis. Based on these pathways of antigen uptake, some of the enzymes that degrade proteins to generate peptides for MHC class II presentation are: Ubiquitin ligases that tag proteins for degradation by the proteasome ATP transporter proteins that deliver endocytic proteins into the cytosol for degradation Cysteine proteases like cathepsins that function at acidic pH The lysosomal thiol reductase found in the endosomes The lysosome-associated membrane trafficking protein, LAMP-2arrow_forwardWhich of the following best describes the sequence variation within class | MHC molecules? A) Concentrated in the peptide-binding groove B) Concentrated near the transmembrane domain C) Concentrated within the cytoplasmic domain D) Concentrated within microglobulin E) Distributed fairly evenly throughout the moleculearrow_forward
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