Concept explainers
WHAT IF? Suppose you are studying two bird species that live in a forest and are not known to interbreed. One species feeds and mates in the treetops and the other on the ground. But in captivity, the birds can interbreed and produce viable, fertile offspring. What type of reproductive barrier most likely keeps these species separate in nature? Explain
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- Q2.16. When heavily armored marine sticklebacks have invaded freshwater lakes where there are no predatory fish, their populations have evolved lighter body armor. Given what you've learned about evolution, which of the following explanations for why this happens is most plausible? O Young sticklebacks only grow heavy armor when they see predatory fish in their environment. O When sticklebacks don't use their armor, it shrinks. Then they pass lighter armor to their offspring. Concentrated pollutants in freshwater lakes disrupt the sticklebacks' ability to grow armor. O Heavily armored fish grow more slowly and breed later, making armor disadvantageous in these lakes.arrow_forwardPlease help me and explainarrow_forwardMAKE CONNECTIONS Explain how natural selection could increase the resemblance of a harmlessspecies to a distantly related harmful species. In addition to selection, what else could account for a harmlessspecies resembling a closely related harmful species? (See Concept 22.2.)arrow_forward
- Please Help! Q1) Butterflies in Africa (species 1) pollinate just one species of flower with a short corolla reducing the variation in the length of the tongue of its pollinators. Butterflies in Europe (species 2) have variable lengths as they pollinate several different species of flowers. What is the mechanism shaping the length of the tongue in species 1?______ Q2) A variation on what morphological trait made the difference between life and death among all surviving finches in the draught of 1977? (one-word answer)arrow_forwardEVOLUTION ASSESSMENT - FINCHES Galápagos Ground Finches Between 1973 and 1978, the population of ground finches (a type of small bird) on the Galápagos Islands decreased. Scientists made observations of the population throughout that time period. They recorded and graphed differences in the distribution of traits over time. The two sets of graphs below come from the data they collected. Beak Length for Ground Finches Observed in the Wet Seasons of 1973 and 1978 Wet 1973: all finches # of finches 30 # of finches 25 20 15 10 5 0 30 25 20 15 10 5 12-01 0 $4.9 80-84 30.0- 11.5-11.9 Beak Length (mm) Source: inquiryHub 35.0-39.9 40.0-44.9 12.5-12.9 13.0-13.4 13.5-13.9 14.0- Wing Length for Ground Finches Observed in the Wet Seasons of 1973 and 1978 Wet 1973: all finches 65.0 Wing Length (mm) Source: inquiryHub 70.0-74.9 # of finches 75.0- 30 25 # of finches 20 10 5 0 30 25 20 15 O 10 5 0 Wet 1978: all finches 7.0-74 7.5-7.9 80-8.4 85-80 9.0-94 9.5-9.9 10.0-1 30.0-34.9 10.5-10.9 11.0-11.4…arrow_forwardAnswer Plz.arrow_forward
- I need help identifying which assumption of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is most affected, then indicating whether what is being described will act to establish or violate equilibrium, and lastly, whether the statement will increase or decrease that population’s genetic variation. Corals synchronize spawning to occur on a single night during a particular tidal event, such as a spring tide. On that night individuals release sperm and eggs into the water, which then form zygotes. Larvae are carried off by currents and settle elsewhere. What assumption is this breeding style affecting and what will it do to VG of that coral species?arrow_forwardWhat is variation? Give its importance. What are the possible causes of variations? Give specific examples. How would you know or identify if the cause of variation is genetic, environmental, or both? Classify these variations as to "species characteristics" or "individual characteristics". Thorns in the stalk of the rose flower Body size of ants Color of apple skin Color mosaic in San Francisco leaf Number of body segments in wormarrow_forwardQuestion- Bluegill sunfish males use one of three strategies in trying to gain access to females and mate. Each male only carries out only one of the three strategies: territorial male, sneaker male or female mimic. While the territorial males have the highest reproductive success relative to the other males, some males are not large enough to successfully compete with other territorial males and adopt an alternative strategy, where they gain at least some reproductive success. This is an example of option 1-artificial selectionoption 2-balanced polymorphismOption 3-stabilizing selectionOption 4-negative-frequency dependent selectionarrow_forward
- Decide whether each of the following scenarios would lead to prezygotic or postzygotic reproductive isolation: a) Dragonflies from two different populations have genitals that do not match, so they can't mate successfully [Select ] b) Two different species of fish have very different courtship displays, but they can mate and produce a non-fertile offspring [Select] c) One species of plant flowers in the winter, while another flowers in early spring [ Select ] d) The gametes of two tree species can fuse, but a zygote does not form [ Select ] e) A mountain range separates two populations of snakes I Select]arrow_forwardVery few species on Earth are completely r-selected or K-selected. Many species in their natural habitats demonstrate a life strategy that ranges along a continuum between r- and K-selected strategies. Use this information to answer the 3 sub-parts. a) Sea otters are marine mammals that live in northern Pacific coasts. Typical female sea otters reach sexual maturity around 3 or 4 years of age, and they reproduce once a year, producing a single pup.Only female sea otters are tasked with raising the offspring. Mothers constantly take care of their pups until they are 8 months old, but only 25% of the pups survive past the first year. Sea otter fur was highly sought after between the 18th century and the early 20th century. Through conservation efforts, the number of sea otters increased. The current world population is estimated to be between 1 000 and 2 000 individuals, and they are considered to be endangered. Their main food source is sea urchins, molluscs, and crustaceans. Sea…arrow_forward2arrow_forward
- Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781305389892Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillanPublisher:Cengage Learning