Campbell Biology in Focus
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780134710679
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Rebecca Orr
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 22, Problem 7TYU
SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY
In the United States, the rare red wolf (Canis lupus) has been known to hybridize with coyotes (Canis latrans), which are much more numerous. Although red wolves and coyotes differ in terms of morphology, DNA, and behavior, genetic evidence suggests that living red wolf individuals are actually hybrids. Red wolves are designated as an endangered species and hence receive legal protection under the Endangered Species Act. Some people think that their endangered status should be withdrawn because the remaining red wolves are hybrids, not members of a “pure” species. Do you agree? Why or why not?
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The Chatham Islands are about 850 kilometers off the coast of New Zealand. One species of bird living on the islands, the black robin (Petroica traversi), in 1980 there were only 5 individuals left. Currently, there are already 200 black robins living there: all from a single pair. Using the "fingerprint" method of blood cell DNA, it was proved that all the robins of this species are genetically identical according to the studied gene sequences. They thrive here today. Even 70 percent young survive. And on the continent, only 42% of young Petroica australis survive..
a) i) What can you say about the taxonomic links between the Chatam Islands and the mainland robins in terms of the scientific names of these birds? ii) What could have ever influenced the separation of the two robin populations?
A population of interbreeding birds has been split by a geological event after which the isolated part of the
population started to evolve into an incipient species with different mating rituals. Due to a recent environmental
change the two populations are now able to potentially mate again in what is called a hybrid zone. Mating does
take place every now and then but the hybrid offspring appear less able to survive. As a consequence, mating
rituals start to diverge even further. We call this process of continued divergence?
O Fusion
O Behavioral isolation
Reinforcement
O Postzygotic isolation
O Stability
The Forbes sea star and common sea star are broadcast spawners that are known to hybridize, yet they exist as separate, genetically distinct species (unique branches on the tree of life). One mechanism that may contribute to their uniqueness is prezygotic reproductive isolation, which is the incompatibility of gametes (sperm and eggs) from separate species. We know they hybridize, so the eggs and sperm are compatible, but could gametes from the different species be less compatible than the gametes from each individual species? Harper & Hart (2005) addressed this question in a series of cross-fertilization experiments. Did they find evidence that gametes ‘preferred’ to cross with gametes of the same species? Explain your answer.
Chapter 22 Solutions
Campbell Biology in Focus
Ch. 22.1 - Prob. 1CCCh. 22.1 - WHAT IF? Suppose you are studying two bird species...Ch. 22.2 - Contrast allopatric and sympatric speciation....Ch. 22.2 - WHAT IF? Is allopatric speciation more likely to...Ch. 22.2 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Review the process of meiosis in...Ch. 22.3 - What are hybrid zones, and why can they be viewed...Ch. 22.3 - WHAT IF? Consider two species that diverged while...Ch. 22.4 - Speciation can occur rapidly between diverging...Ch. 22.4 - Summarize evidence that the yup flower-color locus...Ch. 22.4 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Compare Figure 10.11 with Figure...
Ch. 22 - The largest unit within which gene flow can...Ch. 22 - Males of different species of the fruit fly...Ch. 22 - According to the punctuated equilibria model, A....Ch. 22 - Bird guides once listed the myrtle warbler and...Ch. 22 - Which of the following factors would not...Ch. 22 - Plant species A has a diploid number of 12. Plant...Ch. 22 - SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY In the United...Ch. 22 - SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY DRAW IT In this chapter, you...Ch. 22 - FOCUS ON EVOLUTION Explain the biological basis...Ch. 22 - FOCUS ON INFORMATION In sexually reproducing...Ch. 22 - Suppose that females of one population of straw-...
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