Biological Science (7th Edition)
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780134678320
Author: Scott Freeman, Kim Quillin, Lizabeth Allison, Michael Black, Greg Podgorski, Emily Taylor, Jeff Carmichael
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 22, Problem 7TYU
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Evolution refers to the alteration in the heritable characteristics of the biological population over a period of generations. Evolutionary processes lead to biodiversity at the different hierarchical levels:
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Which statement best explains why an understanding of life-history trade-offs is important when examining the fitness of an organism?
A. Because individuals may not be producing the maximum number of offspring they possibly can in any particular breeding season.
B. Because in any particular breeding season, individuals may need to produce fewer offspring to enhance their own survival.
C. Because individuals need to live longer, so they will not produce the maximum number of offspring each season.
D. Because when individuals need offspring, they can choose whether to reproduce or not.
When we say that an individual organism has a greater fitness than another individual, we specifically mean that the organism:
Group of answer choices
a. utilizes resources more efficiently than other species occupying the same niches, or habitats
b. lives longer than others of its species
c. mates more frequently than others of its species
d. competes more successfully for resources than others of its species
e. leaves more viable offspring than others of its species
Monarch butterflies are a migratory species that flies south once during the lifetime of an individual. One specific population flies to Cuba, where it encounters and shares habitat with resident monarchs that do not migrate and stay within Cuba their entire lifespan. The table shows comparisons between the two populations.
What data indicate the greatest difference between the populations?
A. Male to female ratioB. Difference in wing sizeC. Higher mean weightD . Average of wing angle
Chapter 22 Solutions
Biological Science (7th Edition)
Ch. 22 - True or false? Some trails are considered...Ch. 22 - 3. Trails that are derived from a common ancestor,...Ch. 22 - Some biologists summarize evolution by natural...Ch. 22 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 22 - SOCIETY Explain why the overprescription of...Ch. 22 - Prob. 10TYPSSCh. 22 - How can natural selection on mouse color be...Ch. 22 - Apply Darwin’s four postulates to a population of...Ch. 22 - 14. PROCESS OF SCIENCE A team lead by evolutionary...Ch. 22 - 16. PROCESS OF SCIENCE When a statistical test was...
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- What is the major difference between density-dependent and density-independent factors? A. Density-dependent factors are more harmful. B. Density-independent factors affect the population despite the density. C. Density-independent factors are more harmful.arrow_forwardWhich statement least applies to the concept of fitness? A. Measures of fitness include mating sucess and fecundity. B. It is trait featured among organisms which survived a bottleneck event. C. Reproductive sucess of individuals can be enhanced by their social behaviors within a group. D. Fitness among individuals in a population can vary due to differential reproduction.arrow_forwardHelping kin raise offspring is one way individuals can increase their inclusive fitness. Imagine there is a family of birds. If any male individual breeds alone, they will have three offspring. If a beta (B) male helps an alpha (A) male, then beta will have no offspring. If an alpha is helped by a beta, then alpha will have eight offspring. At which generation does it no longer benefit beta to help alpha? Generation 1 Generation 2 Generation 3 A A A B Вarrow_forward
- In a particular bird species who live socially, we sometimes see an individual in the social group helping to rear the offspring of its siblings, rather than finding a mate and reproducing itself. Describe the expected relative importance of direct and indirect fitness benefits to the individual helper, explain your answer. Explain how this same helper could improve its fitness by helping raise the offspring of an unrelated couple.arrow_forwardIn Animal Dispersion in Relation to Social Behaviour, V.C. Wynne-Edwards suggested that animals act cooperatively and restrain their reproduction to a level sustainable by the environment. George C Williams argued that this was unlikely because ... A. animals are not able to gauge what level is sustainable B. there is little variation among individuals in reproductive output C. natural selection will favour individuals that reproduce above the sustainable level D. resource depletion is unlikely in naturearrow_forwardA social interaction between an actor and a recipient can influence their relative fitness. When the outcome of such an interaction brings harm to both participants, the action is described as being _________. A. asymbiotic. B. spiteful. C. antagonistic. D. selfish.arrow_forward
- Individuals in a population of sunflowers have a range of flower sizes, and the average diameter of their flowers is 5 cm. What effect would selection have on flower diameter in this population of sunflowers? A. The average flower diameter may not change if the population is under disruptive selection. B. Small flowers are favoured if the population is under disruptive selection. C. The average flower diameter will increase if the population is under stabilizing selection. D. Large flowers are favoured if the allele for flower size is dominant when the population is under directional selection.arrow_forwardIn some groups of marmosets, juveniles stick around to help their parents raise their young siblings. In doing so, they forego dispersal to a new group. Given this information, and this information only, what can be said of this behavior: O a. The juveniles have made a decision to maximize their inclusive fitness. O b. This scenario supports the Group Augmentation Hypothesis. O c. The juveniles have made a decision that increases their indirect fitness. O d. The juveniles have made a decision that maximizes their direct fitness. O e. This scenario supports the Temporal Variability Hypothesis.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is an example of a question about mechanism (not function)? A. What stimuli triggers a mother bird to feed her nestling? B. How does parental care benefit the mother's inclusive fitness? C. Why do some species have parental care but not others? D. Do mother birds get better at caring for their offspring over time?arrow_forward
- Consider the evolution of the population of a species of small rodents. Assume that the number of males and females are nearly equal. Due to statistical data one can assume that each female remains a juvenile for one year and then becomes an adult, and that only adults have offspring. The reproduction rate is 2. The adult surviving rate is α. The juvenile surviving rate is 2/5. Initially the population counted 100 females and 40 juveniles. What values of the adult surviving rate will ensure that the population stabilize?arrow_forwardIs it better for an organism to maximize their direct fitness or their indirect fitness? a. Direct Fitness b. Indirect Fitness c. Trick question. Neither Direct or Indirect Fitness matter in evolution.arrow_forwardIn populations subjected to high levels of predation a. individuals should invest little in reproduction so as to maximize their survival. b. individuals should produce few offspring and invest little in any of them. c. individuals should invest greatly in reproduction because their chance of surviving to another breeding season is low. d. individuals should stop reproducing altogether.arrow_forward
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