Chapter 22, Problem 4RAT

To determine

The correction option for the statement “Heteroatoms make a difference in the physical and chemical properties of an organic molecule because,”

Answer to Problem 4RAT

The correct option is (d)

Explanation of Solution

Heteroatom- atoms such as oxygen, sulphur,halogens and nitrogen are known as heteroatoms. Hetero means different.

The hydrocarbons which contain other atoms such as oxygen, sulphur,halogens and nitrogen are having their own physical and chemical properties.

Example-aldehydes and ketones collectively known as carbonyls are hydrocarbons with oxygen as a heteroatom. Due to presence of oxygen the chemical properties such as electrophilic and nucleophilic substitutions are different, because being more electronegative than carbon it attracts more shared electrons towards itself which makes carbon for nucleophilic substitution.

These are having different physical properties as well such as melting point, bonding, solubility other hydrocarbons because heteroatoms are more polar and due to polarity, these form hydrogen bonding which dissolve them in water due to hydrogen bonding melting and boiling points are also high.

The presence of oxygen in the hydrocarbon changes the polarity of the molecule as oxygen and other heteroatoms have more electronegativity than carbon and hydrogen.

All the heteroatoms have their own mass which increases the mass of the molecule or organic compound.

Conclusion:

Therefore,the correct option is (d)