Chapter 22, Problem 46P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given compounds by using $p\text{-nitroaniline}$ as a starting material is to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Oxidation reaction involves an increase in the $\text{C}-\text{X}$ bonds (where X usually is oxygen or a halogen atom) or decrease in the $\text{C}-\text{H}$ bonds and vice versa for the reduction reaction.

In electrophilic aromatic substitution, if the ring bears several substituents, then the orientation is controlled by the most activating substituent.