Conceptual Integrated Science
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780135197394
Author: Hewitt, Paul G., LYONS, Suzanne, (science Teacher), Suchocki, John, Yeh, Jennifer (jennifer Jean)
Publisher: PEARSON EDUCATION (COLLEGE)
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Chapter 22, Problem 44TE
To determine
To find:
Whether the continental rock is meant to be full of air if the half of the Earth’s crust is composed of oxygen.
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The average elevation of Arabian peninsula (freeboard) is f=400 m. Considering that the oceanic crust is h=5 km of thickness and the sea average depth is D= 3700 m. (pc=2700 kg/m3, po=3000 kg/m3, pm=3300 kg/m3 pw=1000 kg/m3) What is the thickness H of the continental crust. B. If the Musandam has an average elevation of 800 m. How much is the thickness below Musandam considering stacking of sedimentary layers and not erosion.
51.
5. The "iceberg analogy" for the isostatic equilibrium of the continental crust turns out to be quite
the relative density of icebergs versus seawater is close to the relative density of continental crust versus mantle.
Glacial ice is about 15% less dense than seawater; likewise continental crust is about 15% less dense than the
mantle. This leads to a simple rule that we can call the 1-to-8 rule: for every 1 unit of extra elevation for an
iceberg or a mountain belt, there need to be 8 units of total thickness. These iceberg examples illustrate the
idea:
an iceberg 3 meters
above sea level is
24 meters thick
an iceberg 1 meter
above sea level is
8 meters thick
an iceberg 2 meters
above sea level is
16 meters thick
3m
2m
water level
1m
>7m
14m
21m
For the following questions, apply the 1-to-8 rule, assuming continental crust in isostatic equilibrium.
a. Continental crust at sea level averages about 35 kilometers thick. (1 km = 0.6 miles.) Therefore,
in general, how thick must the crust…
Chapter 22 Solutions
Conceptual Integrated Science
Ch. 22 - In what way is Earth like a hard-boiled egg?Ch. 22 - What kind of rock is most common in the oceanic...Ch. 22 - Name and describe Earths five structural layers.Ch. 22 - Prob. 4RCQCh. 22 - Prob. 5RCQCh. 22 - Prob. 6RCQCh. 22 - Prob. 7RCQCh. 22 - Prob. 8RCQCh. 22 - Prob. 9RCQCh. 22 - Prob. 10RCQ
Ch. 22 - Prob. 11RCQCh. 22 - Prob. 12RCQCh. 22 - Prob. 13RCQCh. 22 - Prob. 14RCQCh. 22 - Which is more geologically stable place to...Ch. 22 - Prob. 16RCQCh. 22 - Prob. 17RCQCh. 22 - Prob. 18RCQCh. 22 - What elements make up 98 of the Earth by weight?Ch. 22 - Prob. 20TISCh. 22 - What two elements constitute about three-fourths...Ch. 22 - Cite the seismic evidence that Earth has a liquid...Ch. 22 - Prob. 23TISCh. 22 - Prob. 24TISCh. 22 - Prob. 25TISCh. 22 - Prob. 26TISCh. 22 - What is a magnetic reversal, and how are magnetic...Ch. 22 - Prob. 28TISCh. 22 - Prob. 29TISCh. 22 - Prob. 30TISCh. 22 - Prob. 31TISCh. 22 - Prob. 32TISCh. 22 - Prob. 33TISCh. 22 - Where do most hydrothermal vents occur? Can they...Ch. 22 - Prob. 35TISCh. 22 - A sample of basalt has a mass of 5.6 g and a...Ch. 22 - Prob. 38TSCh. 22 - Prob. 39TSCh. 22 - Prob. 40TSCh. 22 - Prob. 41TECh. 22 - You are hiking in the Grand Canyona beautiful...Ch. 22 - Prob. 43TECh. 22 - Prob. 44TECh. 22 - Space debris colliding with the young Earth...Ch. 22 - Prob. 46TECh. 22 - Is Earths inner core solid and the outer core...Ch. 22 - Prob. 48TECh. 22 - Copy the diagram which is not to scale of Earths...Ch. 22 - What is a likely cause of Earths magnetic field?Ch. 22 - Prob. 51TECh. 22 - Love waves are a type of surface wave generated by...Ch. 22 - If there were an earthquake at the North Pole,...Ch. 22 - Prob. 54TECh. 22 - Prob. 55TECh. 22 - Prob. 56TECh. 22 - Prob. 57TECh. 22 - Why does earths crust float on the mantle?Ch. 22 - Prob. 59TECh. 22 - Prob. 60TECh. 22 - Prob. 61TECh. 22 - What would happen if new crust were created faster...Ch. 22 - Prob. 63TECh. 22 - What is meant by magnetic pole reversals? What...Ch. 22 - Prob. 65TECh. 22 - Prob. 66TECh. 22 - Prob. 67TECh. 22 - Prob. 69TECh. 22 - Prob. 70TECh. 22 - Prob. 71TECh. 22 - Prob. 72TECh. 22 - Prob. 73TECh. 22 - A geologist finds an igneous rock that has large...Ch. 22 - Why do rocks made from slowly cooling magma have...Ch. 22 - Prob. 76TECh. 22 - Why are intrusive igneous rocks coarse grained?...Ch. 22 - Prob. 78TECh. 22 - Prob. 79TECh. 22 - Earths Moon has a lithosphere that is continuous,...Ch. 22 - The 1993 adventure film The Core is based on the...Ch. 22 - Play a game of fortunately/unfortunately. First,...Ch. 22 - Prob. 84TDICh. 22 - Prob. 85TDICh. 22 - Prob. 86TDICh. 22 - Prob. 87TDICh. 22 - Where does the heat in earths interior come from?Ch. 22 - How would GPS technology have been helpful to...Ch. 22 - Prob. 90TDICh. 22 - The refraction of P-waves and S-waves in Earths...Ch. 22 - Prob. 2RATCh. 22 - Prob. 3RATCh. 22 - Prob. 4RATCh. 22 - Prob. 5RATCh. 22 - Prob. 6RATCh. 22 - Prob. 7RATCh. 22 - Why is the inner core Earths most dense region? a...Ch. 22 - Prob. 9RATCh. 22 - Plate tectonics explains a how seafloor spreading...
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- If we pushed the Earth closer to the Sun, it would develop a thick, CO2-rich atmosphere like Venus. All of that CO2 would come from the Earth's a. sea floor after the oceans evaporate b. mantle after the crust melts c. volcanic eruptions which would become more frequent d. polar regions after the ice caps meltarrow_forwardThe ocean is mostly heated from the top, by light from the sun. The warmer surface water doesn’t mix much with the colder deep ocean water. This lack of mixing can be ascribed to a lack ofA. Conduction. B. Convection.C. Radiation. D. Evaporation.arrow_forwardThe glaciers of Greenland have a total area of approximately 18 × 10^12 ft^2 and an average depth of 1.0 mile. What is the volume of water that would be released if all the glaciers were to melt? Given that oceans cover 70% of planet earth and the earth radius is approximately 6,371 kilometers, how much would ocean levels rise? (Neglect differences in the density between ice and water and changes in ocean coverage upon rising sea levels)arrow_forward
- Please answer the following questions as a reply on this Discussion If a material 10 meter in length elongates 10 mm due to increase in temperature, and undergoes further elongation due to continuing increase in temperature, what length does actually elongates, 10 meter or 10.01 meter? Defend your answer. Search entries or author Unreadarrow_forward13. How deep in the crust is 10 kbar? Lithostatic pressure within the crusts results from the weight of the rocks above. Assume an average density of 2750 kg/m3. Use the equation P=p*g*h or P/(p *g)=h 23kPa/m P=pressure (e.g. kbar), p=density, g-gravity 9.8 m/s2, h= depth (m), 1 kbar=1,000 bars, 1 bar=100,000 Pa, 1 Pa=kg/(m*s2), 1 kbar =100,000,000 Pa, 1 km =1000 m. Give your answer in kilometers.arrow_forwardDescribe the temperatures you would expect if you measured the beach surface and then at a depth of 12 inches.arrow_forward
- HEIGHT OF A CONTINENT ABOVE THE MANTLE. In the figure below, a simple model considers a continent as a block (density = 2,800 kg/m^3) floating in the mantle (density = 3,300 kg/m3). Assuming the continent is 35 km thick (the average thickness of the Earth's crust), estimate the height (in km) of the continent above the surrounding mantle. Continent (density = 2800 kg/m3) mg Mantle rock (density = 3300 kg/m³) 5.3. 7.4. 9.8 12. 17.arrow_forward5) In the Swiss Alps, the air pressure is relatively low due to the high elevation. Assuming an air pressure of 75 kPa and a temperature of 4°C, how many air molecules will there be in a 1 liter (10-3 m³) bottle? a) 1 x 1022 b) 2x 1022 c) 3 x 1022 d) 4 x 1022 e) 5 x 1022 f) 6 × 1022 6) An alphorn plays a sustained tone at 29 Hz. A second, smaller alphorn produces 120 beats per minutes when played with the 29 Hz instrument. What is the frequency of this second alphorn? a) 2 Hz b) 27 Hz c) 29 Hz d) 31 Hz e) 120 Hz f) 149 Hz Short Answer Question Model an alphorn as an open-closed pipe with a first harmonic (m=1) frequency of 29 Hz. . Sketch the first (m=1) harmonic showing it at two different times. ⚫ Determine the wavelength (in m) of the first harmonic. . What is the length of the pipe (in m)? ⚫ Calculate the frequency (in Hz) of the next two harmonics.arrow_forwardIf the earth did not have an atmosphere, would its average surface temperature be higher or lower than what it is now?arrow_forward
- About what is the highest level of parts per million of carbon dioxide (ppm) in the air in the 400,000 years before modern time? (In other words, what level of carbon dioxide was never exceeded?)arrow_forwardWith the information from Exercise 8.25, you can calculate the average age of the ocean floor. First, find the total area of the ocean floor (equal to about 60% of the surface area of Earth). Then compare this with the area created (or destroyed) each year. The average lifetime is the ratio of these numbers: the total area of ocean crust compared to the amount created (or destroyed) each year.arrow_forwardPeople believe that continental drift in the Atlantic Ocean happens at the rate of about 1 to 2 cm/year. Convert this rate into nm/s. UPVOTE WILL BE GIVEN WHEN THE ANSWER IS CLEAR AND DETAILED.arrow_forward
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