(a)
Interpretation:
The site of process of fatty acid synthesis and degradation must be compared.
Concept introduction:
The fatty acids are degraded in a sequential manner, that is two carbon units at the carboxyl end of the molecule are removed in each step. The process of beta-oxidation of fatty acids degrades the fatty acids. The process of fatty acid synthesis is a stepwise process, which occurs by the addition of two-carbon units. These carbon units are provided by the acetyl-CoA, derived from glucose oxidation.
(b)
Interpretation:
The acyl carrier of fatty acid synthesis and degradation must be compared.
Concept introduction:
The fatty acids are degraded in a sequential manner, that is two carbon units at the carboxyl end of the molecule are removed in each step. The process of beta-oxidation of fatty acids degrades the fatty acids. The process of fatty acid synthesis is a stepwise process, which occurs by the addition of two-carbon units. These carbon units are provided by the acetyl-CoA, derived from glucose oxidation.
(c)
Interpretation:
The reductants and oxidants of fatty acid synthesis and degradation must be compared.
Concept introduction:
The fatty acids are degraded in a sequential manner, that is, two carbon units at the carboxyl end of the molecule are removed in each step. The process of beta-oxidation of fatty acids degrades the fatty acids. The process of fatty acid synthesis is a stepwise process, which occurs by the addition of two-carbon units. These carbon units are provided by the acetyl-CoA, derived from glucose oxidation.
(d)
Interpretation:
The stereochemistry of intermediates of fatty acid synthesis and degradation must be compared.
Concept introduction:
The fatty acids are degraded in a sequential manner, that is, two carbon units at the carboxyl end of the molecule are removed in each step. The process of beta-oxidation of fatty acids degrades the fatty acids. The process of fatty acid synthesis is a stepwise process, which occurs by the addition of two-carbon units. These carbon units are provided by the acetyl-CoA, derived from glucose oxidation.
(e)
Interpretation:
The direction of fatty acid synthesis and degradation must be compared.
Concept introduction:
The fatty acids are degraded in a sequential manner, that is, two carbon units at the carboxyl end of the molecule are removed in each step. The process of beta-oxidation of fatty acids degrades the fatty acids. The process of fatty acid synthesis is a stepwise process, which occurs by the addition of two-carbon units. These carbon units are provided by the acetyl-CoA, derived from glucose oxidation.
(f)
Interpretation:
The organization of the enzyme system of fatty acid synthesis and degradation must be compared.
Concept introduction:
The fatty acids are degraded in a sequential manner, that is, two carbon units at the carboxyl end of the molecule are removed in each step. The process of beta-oxidation of fatty acids degrades the fatty acids. The process of fatty acid synthesis is a stepwise process, which occurs by the addition of two-carbon units. These carbon units are provided by the acetyl-CoA, derived from glucose oxidation.
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Chapter 22 Solutions
Biochemistry
- Example 1: 1. Suppose an enzyme (MW = 5,000 g/mole) has a concentration of 0.05 mg/L. If the kcat is 1 x 10 s, what is the theoretical maximum reaction velocity for the enzyme? A) 1050 µM/s. B) 100 µM/s. C) 150 μM/s. D) 105 μM/s.arrow_forwardIn 1956, E. P. Kennedy and S. B. Weiss published their study of membrane lipid phosphatidylcholine (lecithin) synthesis in rat liver. Their hypothesis was that phosphocholine joined with some cellular component to yield lecithin. In an earlier experiment, incubating 32 P-labeled phosphocholine at physiological temperature (37 °C) with broken cells from rat liver yielded labeled lecithin. This became their assay for the enzymes involved in lecithin synthesis. Determine the optimal pH for this enzyme and characterize the enzyme activity at different pH values. -O-P-O-CH2-CH₁₂-N(CH3)3 Phosphocholine H₂C-O-C-R HC-O-C-R2 + + + Cell fraction + ? HC-O-P-O-CH₁₂-CH₂-N(CH), O Phosphatidylcholine The researchers then centrifuged the broken cell preparation to separate the membranes from the soluble proteins. They tested three preparations: whole extract, membranes, and soluble proteins. Table 1 summarizes the results. Table 1: Cell fraction requirement for incorporation of 32p-phosphocholine into…arrow_forwardResearchers isolated an unknown substance, X, from rabbit muscle. They determined its structure from the following observations and experiments. (a) Qualitative analysis showed that X was composed entirely of C, H, and O. A weighed sample of X was completely oxidized and the H2O and CO2 produced were measured. This quantitative analysis revealed that X contained 40.00% C, 6.71% H, and 53.29% O by weight. (b) The molecular mass of X, as determined by mass spectrometry, was 90.00 atomic mass units (u). (c) Infrared spectroscopy showed that X contained one double bond. (d) X dissolved readily in water, and the solution demonstrated optical activity when tested in a polarimeter. (e) The aqueous solution of X is acidic. What is the empirical formula of X?arrow_forward
- Show work. don't give Ai generated solution....give correct solutionarrow_forwardBiochemistry What is the process of "transamination" in either the muscles or the liver, that involves keto acid or glutamic acid? Please explain how the steps work. Thank you!arrow_forwardBiochemistry Please help. Thank you What is the importance of glutamic acid in the metabolism of nitrogen from amino acids? (we know therole; it’s used to remove the nitrogen from amino acids so that the remaining carbon skeleton can bebroken down by the “usual” pathways, but what is the important, unique role that only glutamicacid/glutamate can do?)arrow_forward
- Biochemistry Please help. Thank you When carbamyl phosphate is joined to L-ornathine, where does the energy for the reaction come from?arrow_forwardBiochemistry Question Please help. Thank you What is the function of glutamate dehydrogenase?arrow_forwardBiochemistry Question Please help. Thank you How and why does a high protein diet affect the enzymes of the urea cycle?arrow_forward
- Biochemistry What is the importance of the glucose-alanine cycle?arrow_forwardBiochemistry Assuming 2.5 molecules of ATP per oxidation of NADH/(H+) and 1.5molecules of ATP per oxidation of FADH2, how many ATP are produced per molecule of pyruvate? Please help. Thank youarrow_forward1. How would you explain the term ‘good food’? 2. How would you define Nutrition? 3. Nutrients are generally categorised into two forms. Discuss.arrow_forward
BiochemistryBiochemistryISBN:9781305577206Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. GrishamPublisher:Cengage Learning
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781305389892Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillanPublisher:Cengage Learning
Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Co...BiologyISBN:9781305251052Author:Michael CummingsPublisher:Cengage Learning
Concepts of BiologyBiologyISBN:9781938168116Author:Samantha Fowler, Rebecca Roush, James WisePublisher:OpenStax College