Chapter 22, Problem 22.8P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

It is to be shown how to synthesize the given alkylbenzene in a single reaction from benzene and an alkyl halide.

Concept introduction:

An aromatic compound undergoes electrophilic substitution reaction with electrophiles. Carbonations acts as an electrophile and can be prepared from an alkene or alcohol under acidic conditions and also from an alkyl halide using a strong Lewis acid, ${\text{AlCl}}_{\text{3}}$ as a catalyst. In the first step, an electrophilic addition of the carbocation takes place to the carbon of the aromatic ring. In the second step, electrophilic elimination takes place, in which, the proton is departs from the substrate to form the final product. When benzene is treated with an alkyl halide in the presence of a strong Lewis acid (e.g. ${\text{AlCl}}_{\text{3}}$), as a catalyst, alkylation takes place at the benzene ring known as Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

It is to be shown how to synthesize given alkylbenzene in a single reaction from benzene and an alkene.

Concept introduction:

An aromatic compound undergoes electrophilic substitution reaction with electrophiles. Carbonations act as an electrophile and can be prepared from an alkene or alcohol under acidic conditions and also from an alkyl halide using a strong Lewis acid, ${\text{AlCl}}_{\text{3}}$ as a catalyst. In the first step, an electrophilic addition of the carbocation takes place to the carbon of the aromatic ring. In the second step, electrophilic elimination takes place, in which, the proton is departs from the substrate to form the final product. When benzene is treated with an alkyl halide in the presence of a strong Lewis acid (e.g. ${\text{AlCl}}_{\text{3}}$), as a catalyst, alkylation takes place at the benzene ring known as Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

It is to be shown how to synthesize given alkylbenzene in a single reaction from benzene and alcohol.

Concept introduction:

An aromatic compound undergoes electrophilic substitution reaction with electrophiles. Carbonations act as an electrophile and can be prepared from an alkene or alcohol under acidic conditions and also from an alkyl halide using a strong Lewis acid, ${\text{AlCl}}_{\text{3}}$ as a catalyst. In the first step, an electrophilic addition of the carbocation takes place to the carbon of the aromatic ring. In the second step, electrophilic elimination takes place, in which, the proton departs from the substrate to form the final product. When benzene is treated with an alkyl halide in the presence of a strong Lewis acid (e.g. ${\text{AlCl}}_{\text{3}}$), as a catalyst, alkylation takes place at the benzene ring is known as Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction.