Chapter 22, Problem 22.19P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of benzoic anhydride from benzene and any other aromatic compounds as the only starting material is to be proposed.

Concept introduction:

Electrophilic addition reactions finish benzene’s aromaticity forever. Electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions grant the permission to incorporate lots of substituents onto an aromatic ring, however, most of the substituent cannot be put in place directly to the aromatic ring. To incorporate these kinds of the substituents on the benzene ring by first using electrophilic aromatic substituents reaction to incorporate different substituents that are subsequently transformed into the desired product. The oxidation of these kinds of substituted benzene using ${\text{KMnO}}_{\text{4}}$ heated in basic solution produces benzoic acid after acid workup. For incorporate a carboxylic acid into a ring needs a substituent attached on the aromatic ring is attached by a carbon atom. This requires the benzylic carbon to be bonded at least one hydrogen atom. Further, this carboxylic acid can be transformed into ester group. A Friedel–Crafts acylation of benzene is carried out with acyl chloride and lewis acid., which yield an aromatic ketone, in which C atom from benzene form a bond to the carbon atom of the acyl group.