Chemistry For Today: General, Organic, And Biochemistry, Loose-leaf Version
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781305968707
Author: Spencer L. Seager
Publisher: Brooks Cole
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Chapter 22, Problem 22.35E
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
The structures of ATP, ADP, and AMP are to be drawn using the partial structure of adenosine phosphate.
Concept introduction:
The molecule which helps in the migration of energy produced during the breakdown of food to the other cells is known as adenosine triphosphate or ATP molecule. ATP contains adenine as nitrogenous base, a ribose sugar and three phosphate groups.
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GLYCOLYSIS:
1A) Starting with glucose (in the open-chain Fisher projection), draw out the molecular structures for
each step of glycolysis. For each step, include the name of the enzyme that catalyzes the reaction.
1B) What is the net reaction of glycolysis?
CITRIC ACID CYCLE:
2A) Starting with acetyl-coenzymeA and oxaloacetate, draw out the molecular structures for each step
of the citric acid cycle. For each step, include the name of the enzyme that catalyzes the reaction.
2B) What is the net reaction of the citric acid cycle? What happens to each product?
OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION:
3A) Thoroughly explain the biological significance of NADH/H* and FADH2 and their roles in
oxidative phosphorylation.
3B) Describe and diagram the general pathway of the electrons from NADH/H+ and FADH₂ to O₂
during the electron transport chain.
3C) What is "chemiosmotic coupling", and what is its relationship to ATP synthesis?
3D) During oxidative phosphorylation, what is oxidized and what is…
All are true of the Embden-Myerhof pathway EXCEPT
Question 88 options:
A)
the products pyruvic acid and ATP under aerobic conditions enter the Krebb's (TCA) cycle to produce more ATP
B)
the products pyruvic acid and ATP under anaerobic conditions are converted to lactic acid and two additional ATP
C)
Cells use this pathway when they have no energy needs
D)
Begins with the conversion of glucose into glucose-6-phosphate
Explain why triacylglycerides are more efficient at energy storage (~ 9 Calories/g) compared to the two othermacronutrient classes, carbohydrates, and proteins (each ~ 4 Calories/g). Shown below is a representativeexample of each for comparison.
Chapter 22 Solutions
Chemistry For Today: General, Organic, And Biochemistry, Loose-leaf Version
Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.1ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.2ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.3ECh. 22 - List two general functions in the body for each of...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.5ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.6ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.7ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.8ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.9ECh. 22 - Identify each of the following vitamins as...
Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.11ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.12ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.13ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.14ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.15ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.16ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.17ECh. 22 - What are the general functions of trace minerals...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.19ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.20ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.21ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.22ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.23ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.24ECh. 22 - What is a metabolic pathway?Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.26ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.27ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.28ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.29ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.30ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.31ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.32ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.33ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.34ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.35ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.36ECh. 22 - Using symbolic formulas such as ADP and PPi, write...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.38ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.39ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.40ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.41ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.42ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.43ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.44ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.45ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.46ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.47ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.48ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.49ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.50ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.51ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.52ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.53ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.54ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.55ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.56ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.57ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.58ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.59ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.60ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.61ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.62ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.63ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.64ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.65ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.66ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.67ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.68ECh. 22 - Which of the following are not a requirement for...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.70ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.71ECh. 22 - Outline the three stages in the extraction of...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.73ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.74ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.75ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.76ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.77E
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- Using symbolic formulas such as ADP and PPi, write equations for the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and the hydrolysis of ATP to AMP.arrow_forwardIf sugar must be broken down to release energy through cellular respiration, why is ATP needed in the process? Explain.arrow_forwardThe average adult consumes approximately 11,700 kJ per day. Assuming that the metabolic pathways leading to ATP synthesis operate at 50% thermodynamic efficiency, about 5850 kJ ends up in the form of synthesized ATP. The average adult consumes approximately 11,700 kJ per day. Assuming that the metabolic pathways leading to ATP synthesis operate at 50% thermodynamic efficiency, about 5850 kJ ends up in the form of synthesized ATP. Imagine that creatine phosphate, rather than ATP, is the universal energy carrier molecule in the human body. Assume that the cellular concentrations of creatine phosphate, creatine, and phosphate are 21.7 mM, 2.17×10-3 mM, and 6.30 mM, respectively. Calculate the weight of creatine phosphate that would need to be consumed each day by a typical adult human if creatine phosphate could not be recycled. Estimate the free energy of hyrdolysis of creatine phosphate under cellular conditions to determine how many moles are required. Use the standard…arrow_forward
- ATP Synthase in plants has the same basic structure and function as the ATP Synthase in humans. O True O Falsearrow_forwardIn the citric acid cycle, a - ketoglutarate dehydrogenase catalyzes the reaction from a - ketoglutarate to Succinyl CoA. Given this reaction, calculate for the enthalpy of formation of the product using (a) Hess's Law, (b) standard enthalpies of formation and (c) mean bond enthalpies. Show your complete solution. COA-S OOC CH2 CH2 + NAD++ COA + CO2 + NADH CH2 a-ketoglutarate CH2 dehydrogenase COO a-ketoglutarate COO Succinyl CoAarrow_forwardrank in order that releases most to least amount of energyarrow_forward
- In one of the reactions in the citric acid cycle, which provides energy for ATP synthesis, succinic acid is converted to fumaric acid: C4H6 O4 + C4H4O4 + 2H succinic acid fumaric acid The reaction is accompanied by a coenzyme, flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD): FAD + 2H → FADH2 ▼ Part A Indicate whether succinic acid and FAD are oxidized or reduced. Match the words in the left column to the appropriate blanks in the sentences on the right. Make certain each sentence is complete before submitting your answer. Reset Help oxidized The reaction of FAD involves the of hydrogen; therefore FAD is loss The reaction of succinic acid involves the of hydrogen; therefore succinic acid is addition reducedarrow_forwardNADH and FADH2 can "create" ATP only if the cell can do electron transport True Falsearrow_forwardWhich statement BEST describes why proteins are metabolized when calories are severely reduced? Actually, fats are metabolized during a starvation diet, not proteins. Proteins contain amino acids, which fuel the brain. Glycogen is a type of protein. There is a metabolic pathway in which glucose can be made from protein.arrow_forward
- ATP Which of the following is true about ATP? Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. la ATP forms in the citric acid cycle. b The formation of ATP releases energy. ATP reacts to help digest biomolecules. It is formed by adding phosphate to ADP.arrow_forwardGlycerol kinase catalyzes the phosphorylation of glycerol from ATP, yielding glycerol-3-phosphate and ADP. The standard state free energy for hydrolysis of glycerol-3- phosphate is -9.20 kj/mol and for the hydrolysis of ATP is-30.5 kJ/mol. Calculate the standard-state free energy change and equilibrium constant for the glycerol kinase reaction at 37 *C. AG kj/mol Keq Submit Answer Try Another Version 10 item attempts remainingarrow_forwardExcess glucose in the body is stored as none of these options monosaccharides O proteins amino acidsarrow_forward
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