Chapter 22, Problem 22.28CP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The molecular structure of given six elements( $\text{N,O,F,P,S,Cl}$ ) is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Molecular geometry is the arrangement of atoms in a molecule. The molecular structure depends on the number of atoms in the molecule and their bonding. The number of electrons in the outermost shell (valence shell) of the central atom affects the bonding.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The molecular structure of the molecules of given six elements is to be explained using electron-dot diagrams.

Concept introduction:

The electron-dot diagram is used to show how the atoms are covalently bonded by sharing electrons. A bonded electron pair is shown by a single line. The electrons that do not participate in covalent bonds which are known as lone pairs are denoted by dots.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The reason for different molecular structures in Phosphorus and Sulfur when compared with Nitrogen, Oxygen, Fluorine and Chlorine should be explained.

Concept introduction:

Halogens (Group $\text{7A}$ )elements form diatomic gas molecules and have higher ionization energies and electron affinities. Second row elementsin the periodic table forms strong multiple bonds while third row elements form many bonds.