The conditions that direct pyruvate towards entry into the citric acid cycle should be identified. Concept Introduction: Fundamental of Citric acid cycle, This is a series of enzyme-catalysed chemical reactions , which is of central importance in all living cells that use oxygen as part of cellular respiration . This cycle initially with the transfer of a two-carbon acetyl group from acetyl-CoA (co-enzyme) to the four-carbon acceptor compound (oxaloacetate) to from a sis-carbon compound like citrate. The citrate than goes through a series of chemical transformation, losing two carbonyl groups as the carbon dioxide.

Question

Want to see the full answer?

Answer 1

Question

Definition Definition Set of metabolic processes and reactions that produce energy from organic substances such as glucose. Cellular respiration takes place in the organism’s cells, where the chemical energy from nutrients or molecules of oxygen is converted into adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Cellular respiration that occurs in the presence of oxygen is called aerobic respiration; in the absence of oxygen, it is called anaerobic respiration.

Chapter 22, Problem 22.25UKC

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The conditions that direct pyruvate towards entry into the citric acid cycle should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Fundamental of Citric acid cycle,

This is a series of enzyme-catalysed chemical reactions, which is of central importance in all living cells that use oxygen as part of cellular respiration.

This cycle initially with the transfer of a two-carbon acetyl group from acetyl-CoA (co-enzyme) to the four-carbon acceptor compound (oxaloacetate) to from a sis-carbon compound like citrate.

The citrate than goes through a series of chemical transformation, losing two carbonyl groups as the carbon dioxide.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The conditions that direct pyruvate was converted into ethanol and CO2 and in which organism are involved in this process, should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Anaerobic conditions: This process is any organisms that does not require oxygen for growth, it react negatively or even die if free oxygen is present.

This process used for industrial or domestic process to manage waste or to product fuels.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The conditions that direct pyruvate was converted into lactate and in which organism (or) tissues are involved in this process, should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Metabolism: This process refers to biochemical process that occur any living organism including humans to maintain life.

It is the totally of an organism chemical reaction,

Metabolism is an emergent property of life that arises from interactions between molecules within the cell.

The pathway begins with a specific molecule and ends with product.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The conditions that direct pyruvate was converted into glucose and in which organism (or) tissues are involved in this process, should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Gluconeogenesis is the process of formation of glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors.

It is occur in all microorganism, fungi, plants and animals and the reactions are essentially the same, leading to the synthesis of one glucose molecules from two pyruvate molecules.

The process occurs only in liver and kidney, partially occurs in cytoplasm and in mitochondria.

Expert Solution & Answer

Want to see the full answer?

Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Students have asked these similar questions

In 1956, E. P. Kennedy and S. B. Weiss published their study of membrane lipid phosphatidylcholine (lecithin) synthesis in rat liver. Their hypothesis was that phosphocholine joined with some cellular component to yield lecithin. In an earlier experiment, incubating 32 P-labeled phosphocholine at physiological temperature (37 °C) with broken cells from rat liver yielded labeled lecithin. This became their assay for the enzymes involved in lecithin synthesis. Determine the optimal pH for this enzyme and characterize the enzyme activity at different pH values. -O-P-O-CH2-CH₁₂-N(CH3)3 Phosphocholine H₂C-O-C-R HC-O-C-R2 + + + Cell fraction + ? HC-O-P-O-CH₁₂-CH₂-N(CH), O Phosphatidylcholine The researchers then centrifuged the broken cell preparation to separate the membranes from the soluble proteins. They tested three preparations: whole extract, membranes, and soluble proteins. Table 1 summarizes the results. Table 1: Cell fraction requirement for incorporation of 32p-phosphocholine into…

Researchers isolated an unknown substance, X, from rabbit muscle. They determined its structure from the following observations and experiments. (a) Qualitative analysis showed that X was composed entirely of C, H, and O. A weighed sample of X was completely oxidized and the H2O and CO2 produced were measured. This quantitative analysis revealed that X contained 40.00% C, 6.71% H, and 53.29% O by weight. (b) The molecular mass of X, as determined by mass spectrometry, was 90.00 atomic mass units (u). (c) Infrared spectroscopy showed that X contained one double bond. (d) X dissolved readily in water, and the solution demonstrated optical activity when tested in a polarimeter. (e) The aqueous solution of X is acidic. What is the empirical formula of X?

Show work. don't give Ai generated solution....give correct solution

Answer 2

Question

Definition Definition Set of metabolic processes and reactions that produce energy from organic substances such as glucose. Cellular respiration takes place in the organism’s cells, where the chemical energy from nutrients or molecules of oxygen is converted into adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Cellular respiration that occurs in the presence of oxygen is called aerobic respiration; in the absence of oxygen, it is called anaerobic respiration.

Chapter 22, Problem 22.25UKC

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The conditions that direct pyruvate towards entry into the citric acid cycle should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Fundamental of Citric acid cycle,

This is a series of enzyme-catalysed chemical reactions, which is of central importance in all living cells that use oxygen as part of cellular respiration.

This cycle initially with the transfer of a two-carbon acetyl group from acetyl-CoA (co-enzyme) to the four-carbon acceptor compound (oxaloacetate) to from a sis-carbon compound like citrate.

The citrate than goes through a series of chemical transformation, losing two carbonyl groups as the carbon dioxide.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The conditions that direct pyruvate was converted into ethanol and CO2 and in which organism are involved in this process, should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Anaerobic conditions: This process is any organisms that does not require oxygen for growth, it react negatively or even die if free oxygen is present.

This process used for industrial or domestic process to manage waste or to product fuels.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The conditions that direct pyruvate was converted into lactate and in which organism (or) tissues are involved in this process, should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Metabolism: This process refers to biochemical process that occur any living organism including humans to maintain life.

It is the totally of an organism chemical reaction,

Metabolism is an emergent property of life that arises from interactions between molecules within the cell.

The pathway begins with a specific molecule and ends with product.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The conditions that direct pyruvate was converted into glucose and in which organism (or) tissues are involved in this process, should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Gluconeogenesis is the process of formation of glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors.

It is occur in all microorganism, fungi, plants and animals and the reactions are essentially the same, leading to the synthesis of one glucose molecules from two pyruvate molecules.

The process occurs only in liver and kidney, partially occurs in cytoplasm and in mitochondria.

Expert Solution & Answer

Want to see the full answer?

Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Set of metabolic processes and reactions that produce energy from organic substances such as glucose. Cellular respiration takes place in the organism’s cells, where the chemical energy from nutrients or molecules of oxygen is converted into adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Cellular respiration that occurs in the presence of oxygen is called aerobic respiration; in the absence of oxygen, it is called anaerobic respiration.

Chapter 22, Problem 22.25UKC

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The conditions that direct pyruvate towards entry into the citric acid cycle should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Fundamental of Citric acid cycle,

This is a series of enzyme-catalysed chemical reactions, which is of central importance in all living cells that use oxygen as part of cellular respiration.

This cycle initially with the transfer of a two-carbon acetyl group from acetyl-CoA (co-enzyme) to the four-carbon acceptor compound (oxaloacetate) to from a sis-carbon compound like citrate.

The citrate than goes through a series of chemical transformation, losing two carbonyl groups as the carbon dioxide.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The conditions that direct pyruvate was converted into ethanol and CO2 and in which organism are involved in this process, should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Anaerobic conditions: This process is any organisms that does not require oxygen for growth, it react negatively or even die if free oxygen is present.

This process used for industrial or domestic process to manage waste or to product fuels.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The conditions that direct pyruvate was converted into lactate and in which organism (or) tissues are involved in this process, should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Metabolism: This process refers to biochemical process that occur any living organism including humans to maintain life.

It is the totally of an organism chemical reaction,

Metabolism is an emergent property of life that arises from interactions between molecules within the cell.

The pathway begins with a specific molecule and ends with product.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The conditions that direct pyruvate was converted into glucose and in which organism (or) tissues are involved in this process, should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Gluconeogenesis is the process of formation of glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors.

It is occur in all microorganism, fungi, plants and animals and the reactions are essentially the same, leading to the synthesis of one glucose molecules from two pyruvate molecules.

The process occurs only in liver and kidney, partially occurs in cytoplasm and in mitochondria.

Expert Solution & Answer

Want to see the full answer?

Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Set of metabolic processes and reactions that produce energy from organic substances such as glucose. Cellular respiration takes place in the organism’s cells, where the chemical energy from nutrients or molecules of oxygen is converted into adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Cellular respiration that occurs in the presence of oxygen is called aerobic respiration; in the absence of oxygen, it is called anaerobic respiration.

Chapter 22, Problem 22.25UKC

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The conditions that direct pyruvate towards entry into the citric acid cycle should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Fundamental of Citric acid cycle,

This is a series of enzyme-catalysed chemical reactions, which is of central importance in all living cells that use oxygen as part of cellular respiration.

This cycle initially with the transfer of a two-carbon acetyl group from acetyl-CoA (co-enzyme) to the four-carbon acceptor compound (oxaloacetate) to from a sis-carbon compound like citrate.

The citrate than goes through a series of chemical transformation, losing two carbonyl groups as the carbon dioxide.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The conditions that direct pyruvate was converted into ethanol and CO2 and in which organism are involved in this process, should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Anaerobic conditions: This process is any organisms that does not require oxygen for growth, it react negatively or even die if free oxygen is present.

This process used for industrial or domestic process to manage waste or to product fuels.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The conditions that direct pyruvate was converted into lactate and in which organism (or) tissues are involved in this process, should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Metabolism: This process refers to biochemical process that occur any living organism including humans to maintain life.

It is the totally of an organism chemical reaction,

Metabolism is an emergent property of life that arises from interactions between molecules within the cell.

The pathway begins with a specific molecule and ends with product.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The conditions that direct pyruvate was converted into glucose and in which organism (or) tissues are involved in this process, should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Gluconeogenesis is the process of formation of glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors.

It is occur in all microorganism, fungi, plants and animals and the reactions are essentially the same, leading to the synthesis of one glucose molecules from two pyruvate molecules.

The process occurs only in liver and kidney, partially occurs in cytoplasm and in mitochondria.

Expert Solution & Answer

Want to see the full answer?

Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 5

Chapter 22, Problem 22.25UKC

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The conditions that direct pyruvate towards entry into the citric acid cycle should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Fundamental of Citric acid cycle,

This is a series of enzyme-catalysed chemical reactions, which is of central importance in all living cells that use oxygen as part of cellular respiration.

This cycle initially with the transfer of a two-carbon acetyl group from acetyl-CoA (co-enzyme) to the four-carbon acceptor compound (oxaloacetate) to from a sis-carbon compound like citrate.

The citrate than goes through a series of chemical transformation, losing two carbonyl groups as the carbon dioxide.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The conditions that direct pyruvate was converted into ethanol and CO2 and in which organism are involved in this process, should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Anaerobic conditions: This process is any organisms that does not require oxygen for growth, it react negatively or even die if free oxygen is present.

This process used for industrial or domestic process to manage waste or to product fuels.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The conditions that direct pyruvate was converted into lactate and in which organism (or) tissues are involved in this process, should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Metabolism: This process refers to biochemical process that occur any living organism including humans to maintain life.

It is the totally of an organism chemical reaction,

Metabolism is an emergent property of life that arises from interactions between molecules within the cell.

The pathway begins with a specific molecule and ends with product.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The conditions that direct pyruvate was converted into glucose and in which organism (or) tissues are involved in this process, should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Gluconeogenesis is the process of formation of glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors.

It is occur in all microorganism, fungi, plants and animals and the reactions are essentially the same, leading to the synthesis of one glucose molecules from two pyruvate molecules.

The process occurs only in liver and kidney, partially occurs in cytoplasm and in mitochondria.

Answer 6

Chapter 22, Problem 22.25UKC

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The conditions that direct pyruvate towards entry into the citric acid cycle should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Fundamental of Citric acid cycle,

This is a series of enzyme-catalysed chemical reactions, which is of central importance in all living cells that use oxygen as part of cellular respiration.

This cycle initially with the transfer of a two-carbon acetyl group from acetyl-CoA (co-enzyme) to the four-carbon acceptor compound (oxaloacetate) to from a sis-carbon compound like citrate.

The citrate than goes through a series of chemical transformation, losing two carbonyl groups as the carbon dioxide.

Answer 7

Chapter 22, Problem 22.25UKC

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The conditions that direct pyruvate towards entry into the citric acid cycle should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Fundamental of Citric acid cycle,

This is a series of enzyme-catalysed chemical reactions, which is of central importance in all living cells that use oxygen as part of cellular respiration.

This cycle initially with the transfer of a two-carbon acetyl group from acetyl-CoA (co-enzyme) to the four-carbon acceptor compound (oxaloacetate) to from a sis-carbon compound like citrate.

The citrate than goes through a series of chemical transformation, losing two carbonyl groups as the carbon dioxide.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The conditions that direct pyruvate was converted into ethanol and CO2 and in which organism are involved in this process, should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Anaerobic conditions: This process is any organisms that does not require oxygen for growth, it react negatively or even die if free oxygen is present.

This process used for industrial or domestic process to manage waste or to product fuels.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The conditions that direct pyruvate was converted into ethanol and CO2 and in which organism are involved in this process, should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Anaerobic conditions: This process is any organisms that does not require oxygen for growth, it react negatively or even die if free oxygen is present.

This process used for industrial or domestic process to manage waste or to product fuels.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The conditions that direct pyruvate was converted into lactate and in which organism (or) tissues are involved in this process, should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Metabolism: This process refers to biochemical process that occur any living organism including humans to maintain life.

It is the totally of an organism chemical reaction,

Metabolism is an emergent property of life that arises from interactions between molecules within the cell.

The pathway begins with a specific molecule and ends with product.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The conditions that direct pyruvate was converted into lactate and in which organism (or) tissues are involved in this process, should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Metabolism: This process refers to biochemical process that occur any living organism including humans to maintain life.

It is the totally of an organism chemical reaction,

Metabolism is an emergent property of life that arises from interactions between molecules within the cell.

The pathway begins with a specific molecule and ends with product.

Answer 12

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The conditions that direct pyruvate was converted into glucose and in which organism (or) tissues are involved in this process, should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Gluconeogenesis is the process of formation of glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors.

It is occur in all microorganism, fungi, plants and animals and the reactions are essentially the same, leading to the synthesis of one glucose molecules from two pyruvate molecules.

The process occurs only in liver and kidney, partially occurs in cytoplasm and in mitochondria.

Answer 13

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The conditions that direct pyruvate was converted into glucose and in which organism (or) tissues are involved in this process, should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Gluconeogenesis is the process of formation of glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors.

It is occur in all microorganism, fungi, plants and animals and the reactions are essentially the same, leading to the synthesis of one glucose molecules from two pyruvate molecules.

The process occurs only in liver and kidney, partially occurs in cytoplasm and in mitochondria.

Answer 14

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 15

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 16

Want to see the full answer?

Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 17

Ch. 22.2 - Prob. 22.1P Ch. 22.2 - Prob. 22.2P Ch. 22.3 - Prob. 22.3P Ch. 22.3 - Prob. 22.4P Ch. 22.3 - Prob. 22.5P Ch. 22.3 - Prob. 22.6KCP Ch. 22.4 - Prob. 22.1CIAP Ch. 22.4 - Prob. 22.2CIAP Ch. 22.4 - Prob. 22.3CIAP Ch. 22.4 - Explain the chemical process that leads to...

Solution Summary: The author explains how pyruvate enters the citric acid cycle, which is a series of enzyme-catalysed chemical reactions that are of central importance in all living cells.

Want to see the full answer?

Chapter 22 Solutions