Interpretation: If ethyl alcohol (drinking alcohol) is poisonous or not should be explained.
Concept Introduction: Ethyl alcohol, is produced by the fermentation of yeast, sugars and starches that is added to beer, wine and liquor as an intoxicating agent. Foods products that produce this are grapes, barley, wheat, sugarcane.
Answer to Problem 1RQ
Solution: Drinking alcohol is often associated with liver damages and risk to cardiovascular diseases. Prolonged consumption of ethyl alcohol is seen to show changes in behavior like depression, anxiety, coordination impairment. Only small doses is found to bring in relaxed feelings and suppress anxiety. Hence, by consuming more than what the liver can
Explanation of Solution
Ethyl alcohol being soluble in water gets absorbed into the blood and distributes in the body, but its absorption decreases with intake of food rich in fats. The alcohol gets metabolized in the liver wherein the enzyme dehydrogenase converts alcohol to acetaldehyde. The acetaldehyde is sympathomimetic in nature which is said to give the ’hangover ‘effect. This acetaldehyde gets converted to acetic acid and further to carbon dioxide and water by the action hydrogenase enzyme. Hence, the person will tend to urinate frequently.
Alcohol also tends to reduce the signals to the nerves by elevating the inhibitory neurotransmitter −gamma amino butyric acid that lowers the cognitive and physical capabilities. In other words, it is termed as CNS depressant. But consuming more than 460 milligrams alcohol per 100 milliliters of blood can be lethal.
Excessive consumption of alcohol leads to alcohol dependence or alcoholism where the person displays symptoms like craving, loss of control, physical dependence, less tolerant.
Thus, drinking alcohol is often associated with liver damages and risk to cardiovascular diseases. Prolonged consumption of ethyl alcohol is seen to show changes in behavior like depression, anxiety, coordination impairment. Only small doses is found to bring in relaxed feelings and suppress anxiety. Hence, by consuming more than what the liver can metabolize, it leads to intoxication.
From the statements and facts, consuming alcohol is detrimental to health as it damages the liver and prevents its normal functioning. Besides, the person also gets cardiovascular illnesses that becomes lethal after specific period of consuming alcohol.
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Chapter 22 Solutions
Chemistry for Changing Times
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- R₂ R₁ R₁ a R Rg Nu R₂ Rg R₁ R R₁₂ R3 R R Nu enolate forming R₁ R B-Alkylated carbonyl species or amines Cyclic B-Ketoester R₁₁ HOB R R₁B R R₁₂ B-Hydroxy carbonyl R diester R2 R3 R₁ RB OR R₂ 0 aB-Unsaturated carbonyl NaOR Aldol HOR reaction 1) LDA 2) R-X 3) H₂O/H₂O ketone, aldehyde 1) 2°-amine 2) acid chloride 3) H₂O'/H₂O 0 O R₁ R₁ R R₁ R₁₂ Alkylated a-carbon R₁ H.C R₁ H.C Alkylated methyl ketone acetoacetic ester B-Ketoester ester R₁ HO R₂ R B-Dicarbonyl HO Alkylated carboxylic acid malonic ester Write the reagents required to bring about each reaction next to the arrows shown. Next, record any regiochemistry or stereochemistry considerations relevant to the reaction. You should also record any key aspects of the mechanism, such as forma- tion of an important intermediate, as a helpful reminder. You may want to keep track of all reactions that make carbon-carbon bonds, because these help you build large molecules from smaller fragments. This especially applies to the reactions in…arrow_forwardProvide the reasonable steps to achieve the following synthesis.arrow_forwardIdentify which compound is more acidic. Justify your choice.arrow_forward
- Provide the reasonable steps to achieve the following synthesis.arrow_forwardWhen anisole is treated with excess bromine, the reaction gives a product which shows two singlets in 1H NMR. Draw the product.arrow_forward(ii) Draw a reasonable mechanism for the following reaction: CI NaOH heat OH (hint: SNAr Reaction) :arrow_forward
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