Chapter 22, Problem 1QP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The difference between the transition metals and the main group metals is to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

The main group metals include the s-block andp-block elements. The general electron configuration of s and p- block elements is ${\text{ns}}^2$ and ${\text{ns}}^2{\text{np}}^6$, respectively.

However, the transition metals include d-block elements and their general electron configuration is $\text{(n-}1{\text{)d}}^{1-10}{\text{ns}}^2$.

Answer to Problem 1QP

Solution: Transition metals have a partiallyfilled d-subshell in their ground state or common oxidation state. However, in main group metals, the last electron enters the s-subshell or p-subshell.

Explanation of Solution

The d-block elements are known as transition elements as they lie between the s-block and p-block elements. They have an incompletelyfilled d-subshell or they form ions with the incompletelyfilled d-subshell. The last electron enters the d-subshell in d-block elements while, in main group metals, the last electron enters the s-subshell or p-subshell.

Hence, the transition metals and main block metals have been briefly distinguished.

Conclusion

The primary difference between a main group metal and a transition metal is their electronic configurations.