Which of the following parameters would be different for a reaction carried out in the presence of a catalyst, compared with the same reaction carried out in the absence of a catalyst? (Hint: See Section 5.13.) ΔG°, ΔH°, E a , ΔS z , ΔH°, K eq. ΔG z , ΔS°, K rate

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Answer 1

Textbook Question

Chapter 22, Problem 1P

Which of the following parameters would be different for a reaction carried out in the presence of a catalyst, compared with the same reaction carried out in the absence of a catalyst? (Hint: See Section 5.13.)

ΔG°, ΔH°, E_a, ΔS^z, ΔH°, K_eq. ΔG^z, ΔS°, K_rate

Expert Solution & Answer

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The parameters those are different for a reaction taking place in the presence of a catalyst compared with the same reaction taking place in the absence of a catalyst has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Catalyst: Substance which helps in increasing the rate of a particular reaction without getting consumed in the reaction. It does not get consumed or changed by the reaction. It provides a different pathway where the transition state is more stable and with shorter energy hill.

Explanation of Solution

Catalyst provides a different pathway where the transition state is more stable and with shorter energy hill. Energy difference of the rate-determining step taking place between the reactant and transition state is reduced by a catalyst and increases the rate of the reaction. Hence the height of energy hill is decreased in this step. The parameters that depend on the energy difference of the rate-determining step taking place between the reactant and transition state differ while the reaction occurs in presence of a catalyst. Therefore, the parameters those are different for a reaction taking place in the presence of a catalyst compared with the same reaction taking place in the absence of a catalyst are ΔH≠, Ea, ΔS≠, ΔG≠, krate. The other parameters are not affected by the energy difference of the rate-determining step taking place between the reactant and transition state.

Conclusion

The parameters those are different for a reaction taking place in the presence of a catalyst compared with the same reaction taking place in the absence of a catalyst were identified as ΔH≠, Ea, ΔS≠, ΔG≠, krate.

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Answer 2

Textbook Question

Chapter 22, Problem 1P

Which of the following parameters would be different for a reaction carried out in the presence of a catalyst, compared with the same reaction carried out in the absence of a catalyst? (Hint: See Section 5.13.)

ΔG°, ΔH°, E_a, ΔS^z, ΔH°, K_eq. ΔG^z, ΔS°, K_rate

Expert Solution & Answer

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The parameters those are different for a reaction taking place in the presence of a catalyst compared with the same reaction taking place in the absence of a catalyst has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Catalyst: Substance which helps in increasing the rate of a particular reaction without getting consumed in the reaction. It does not get consumed or changed by the reaction. It provides a different pathway where the transition state is more stable and with shorter energy hill.

Explanation of Solution

Catalyst provides a different pathway where the transition state is more stable and with shorter energy hill. Energy difference of the rate-determining step taking place between the reactant and transition state is reduced by a catalyst and increases the rate of the reaction. Hence the height of energy hill is decreased in this step. The parameters that depend on the energy difference of the rate-determining step taking place between the reactant and transition state differ while the reaction occurs in presence of a catalyst. Therefore, the parameters those are different for a reaction taking place in the presence of a catalyst compared with the same reaction taking place in the absence of a catalyst are ΔH≠, Ea, ΔS≠, ΔG≠, krate. The other parameters are not affected by the energy difference of the rate-determining step taking place between the reactant and transition state.

Conclusion

The parameters those are different for a reaction taking place in the presence of a catalyst compared with the same reaction taking place in the absence of a catalyst were identified as ΔH≠, Ea, ΔS≠, ΔG≠, krate.

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Answer 3

Textbook Question

Chapter 22, Problem 1P

Which of the following parameters would be different for a reaction carried out in the presence of a catalyst, compared with the same reaction carried out in the absence of a catalyst? (Hint: See Section 5.13.)

ΔG°, ΔH°, E_a, ΔS^z, ΔH°, K_eq. ΔG^z, ΔS°, K_rate

Expert Solution & Answer

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The parameters those are different for a reaction taking place in the presence of a catalyst compared with the same reaction taking place in the absence of a catalyst has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Catalyst: Substance which helps in increasing the rate of a particular reaction without getting consumed in the reaction. It does not get consumed or changed by the reaction. It provides a different pathway where the transition state is more stable and with shorter energy hill.

Explanation of Solution

Catalyst provides a different pathway where the transition state is more stable and with shorter energy hill. Energy difference of the rate-determining step taking place between the reactant and transition state is reduced by a catalyst and increases the rate of the reaction. Hence the height of energy hill is decreased in this step. The parameters that depend on the energy difference of the rate-determining step taking place between the reactant and transition state differ while the reaction occurs in presence of a catalyst. Therefore, the parameters those are different for a reaction taking place in the presence of a catalyst compared with the same reaction taking place in the absence of a catalyst are ΔH≠, Ea, ΔS≠, ΔG≠, krate. The other parameters are not affected by the energy difference of the rate-determining step taking place between the reactant and transition state.

Conclusion

The parameters those are different for a reaction taking place in the presence of a catalyst compared with the same reaction taking place in the absence of a catalyst were identified as ΔH≠, Ea, ΔS≠, ΔG≠, krate.

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Answer 4

Textbook Question

Chapter 22, Problem 1P

Which of the following parameters would be different for a reaction carried out in the presence of a catalyst, compared with the same reaction carried out in the absence of a catalyst? (Hint: See Section 5.13.)

ΔG°, ΔH°, E_a, ΔS^z, ΔH°, K_eq. ΔG^z, ΔS°, K_rate

Expert Solution & Answer

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The parameters those are different for a reaction taking place in the presence of a catalyst compared with the same reaction taking place in the absence of a catalyst has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Catalyst: Substance which helps in increasing the rate of a particular reaction without getting consumed in the reaction. It does not get consumed or changed by the reaction. It provides a different pathway where the transition state is more stable and with shorter energy hill.

Explanation of Solution

Catalyst provides a different pathway where the transition state is more stable and with shorter energy hill. Energy difference of the rate-determining step taking place between the reactant and transition state is reduced by a catalyst and increases the rate of the reaction. Hence the height of energy hill is decreased in this step. The parameters that depend on the energy difference of the rate-determining step taking place between the reactant and transition state differ while the reaction occurs in presence of a catalyst. Therefore, the parameters those are different for a reaction taking place in the presence of a catalyst compared with the same reaction taking place in the absence of a catalyst are ΔH≠, Ea, ΔS≠, ΔG≠, krate. The other parameters are not affected by the energy difference of the rate-determining step taking place between the reactant and transition state.

Conclusion

The parameters those are different for a reaction taking place in the presence of a catalyst compared with the same reaction taking place in the absence of a catalyst were identified as ΔH≠, Ea, ΔS≠, ΔG≠, krate.

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Answer 5

Textbook Question

Answer 6

Textbook Question

Answer 7

Expert Solution & Answer

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The parameters those are different for a reaction taking place in the presence of a catalyst compared with the same reaction taking place in the absence of a catalyst has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Catalyst: Substance which helps in increasing the rate of a particular reaction without getting consumed in the reaction. It does not get consumed or changed by the reaction. It provides a different pathway where the transition state is more stable and with shorter energy hill.

Explanation of Solution

Catalyst provides a different pathway where the transition state is more stable and with shorter energy hill. Energy difference of the rate-determining step taking place between the reactant and transition state is reduced by a catalyst and increases the rate of the reaction. Hence the height of energy hill is decreased in this step. The parameters that depend on the energy difference of the rate-determining step taking place between the reactant and transition state differ while the reaction occurs in presence of a catalyst. Therefore, the parameters those are different for a reaction taking place in the presence of a catalyst compared with the same reaction taking place in the absence of a catalyst are ΔH≠, Ea, ΔS≠, ΔG≠, krate. The other parameters are not affected by the energy difference of the rate-determining step taking place between the reactant and transition state.

Conclusion

The parameters those are different for a reaction taking place in the presence of a catalyst compared with the same reaction taking place in the absence of a catalyst were identified as ΔH≠, Ea, ΔS≠, ΔG≠, krate.

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The parameters those are different for a reaction taking place in the presence of a catalyst compared with the same reaction taking place in the absence of a catalyst has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Catalyst: Substance which helps in increasing the rate of a particular reaction without getting consumed in the reaction. It does not get consumed or changed by the reaction. It provides a different pathway where the transition state is more stable and with shorter energy hill.

Explanation of Solution

Catalyst provides a different pathway where the transition state is more stable and with shorter energy hill. Energy difference of the rate-determining step taking place between the reactant and transition state is reduced by a catalyst and increases the rate of the reaction. Hence the height of energy hill is decreased in this step. The parameters that depend on the energy difference of the rate-determining step taking place between the reactant and transition state differ while the reaction occurs in presence of a catalyst. Therefore, the parameters those are different for a reaction taking place in the presence of a catalyst compared with the same reaction taking place in the absence of a catalyst are ΔH≠, Ea, ΔS≠, ΔG≠, krate. The other parameters are not affected by the energy difference of the rate-determining step taking place between the reactant and transition state.

Conclusion

The parameters those are different for a reaction taking place in the presence of a catalyst compared with the same reaction taking place in the absence of a catalyst were identified as ΔH≠, Ea, ΔS≠, ΔG≠, krate.

Answer 9

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 10

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The parameters those are different for a reaction taking place in the presence of a catalyst compared with the same reaction taking place in the absence of a catalyst has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Catalyst: Substance which helps in increasing the rate of a particular reaction without getting consumed in the reaction. It does not get consumed or changed by the reaction. It provides a different pathway where the transition state is more stable and with shorter energy hill.

Answer 12

Explanation of Solution

Catalyst provides a different pathway where the transition state is more stable and with shorter energy hill. Energy difference of the rate-determining step taking place between the reactant and transition state is reduced by a catalyst and increases the rate of the reaction. Hence the height of energy hill is decreased in this step. The parameters that depend on the energy difference of the rate-determining step taking place between the reactant and transition state differ while the reaction occurs in presence of a catalyst. Therefore, the parameters those are different for a reaction taking place in the presence of a catalyst compared with the same reaction taking place in the absence of a catalyst are ΔH≠, Ea, ΔS≠, ΔG≠, krate. The other parameters are not affected by the energy difference of the rate-determining step taking place between the reactant and transition state.

Answer 13

Conclusion

The parameters those are different for a reaction taking place in the presence of a catalyst compared with the same reaction taking place in the absence of a catalyst were identified as ΔH≠, Ea, ΔS≠, ΔG≠, krate.

Answer 14

Ch. 22.2 - Compare each of the mechanisms listed here with...Ch. 22.2 - Prob. 3P Ch. 22.2 - Prob. 4P Ch. 22.3 - a. Draw the mechanism for the following reaction...Ch. 22.5 - Prob. 7P Ch. 22.5 - Propose a mechanism for the Co2+ catalyzed...Ch. 22.6 - Prob. 9P Ch. 22.7 - Prob. 10P Ch. 22.7 - Prob. 12P Ch. 22.7 - Prob. 13P

Which of the following parameters would be different for a reaction carried out in the presence of a catalyst, compared with the same reaction carried out in the absence of a catalyst? (Hint: See Section 5.13.) ΔG°, ΔH°, E a , ΔS z , ΔH°, K eq. ΔG z , ΔS°, K rate

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