Fundamentals of Differential Equations (9th Edition)
9th Edition
ISBN: 9780321977069
Author: R. Kent Nagle, Edward B. Saff, Arthur David Snider
Publisher: PEARSON
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Refer to page 12 for a problem on solving a homogeneous differential equation.
Instructions:
• Simplify the equation into a homogeneous form.
Use appropriate substitutions to reduce complexity.
Solve systematically and verify the final result with clear back-substitutions.
Link:
[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1wKSrun-GlxirS31Z9qoHazb9tC440AZF/view?usp=sharing]
Refer to page 36 for solving a bang-bang control problem.
Instructions:
•
Formulate the problem, identifying the control constraints.
•
•
Apply Pontryagin's Maximum Principle to derive the switching conditions.
Clearly illustrate the switching points in the control trajectory. Verify the solution satisfies the
optimality criteria.
Link: [https://drive.google.com/file/d/1wKSrun-GlxirS31Z9qoHazb9tC440 AZF/view?usp=sharing]
Refer to page 38 for solving an optimal control problem using dynamic programming.
Instructions:
• Define the value function and derive the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB) equation.
• Solve the HJB equation explicitly, showing all intermediate steps and justifications.
Verify the solution satisfies the boundary conditions and optimality.
Link: [https://drive.google.com/file/d/1wKSrun-GlxirS31Z9qoHazb9tC440AZF/view?usp=sharing]
Chapter 2 Solutions
Fundamentals of Differential Equations (9th Edition)
Ch. 2.2 - In Problems 16, determine whether the given...Ch. 2.2 - In Problems 16, determine whether the given...Ch. 2.2 - In Problems 16, determine whether the given...Ch. 2.2 - In Problems 16, determine whether the given...Ch. 2.2 - In Problems 16, determine whether the given...Ch. 2.2 - In Problems 16, determine whether the given...Ch. 2.2 - In Problems 716, solve the equation. 7. xdydx=1y3Ch. 2.2 - In Problems 716, solve the equation. 8. dxdt=3xt2Ch. 2.2 - In Problems 716, solve the equation. 9....Ch. 2.2 - In Problems 716, solve the equation. 10....
Ch. 2.2 - In Problems 716, solve the equation. 11....Ch. 2.2 - In Problems 716, solve the equation. 12....Ch. 2.2 - In Problems 716, solve the equation. 13....Ch. 2.2 - In Problems 716, solve the equation. 14. dxdtx3=xCh. 2.2 - In Problems 716, solve the equation. 15....Ch. 2.2 - In Problems 716, solve the equation. 16. y1 dy +...Ch. 2.2 - In Problems 1726, solve the initial value problem....Ch. 2.2 - In Problems 1726, solve the initial value problem....Ch. 2.2 - In Problems 1726, solve the initial value problem....Ch. 2.2 - In Problems 1726, solve the initial value problem....Ch. 2.2 - In Problems 1726, solve the initial value problem....Ch. 2.2 - In Problems 1726, solve the initial value problem....Ch. 2.2 - Prob. 23ECh. 2.2 - In Problems 1726, solve the initial value problem....Ch. 2.2 - In Problems 1726, solve the initial value problem....Ch. 2.2 - In Problems 1726, solve the initial value problem....Ch. 2.2 - Prob. 27ECh. 2.2 - Sketch the solution to the initial value problem...Ch. 2.2 - Uniqueness Questions. In Chapter 1 we indicated...Ch. 2.2 - As stated in this section, the separation of...Ch. 2.2 - Prob. 31ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 32ECh. 2.2 - Mixing. Suppose a brine containing 0.3 kilogram...Ch. 2.2 - Newtons Law of Cooling. According to Newtons law...Ch. 2.2 - Prob. 35ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 36ECh. 2.2 - Compound Interest. If P(t) is the amount of...Ch. 2.2 - Free Fall. In Section 2.1, we discussed a model...Ch. 2.2 - Grand Prix Race. Driver A had been leading...Ch. 2.2 - Prob. 40ECh. 2.3 - In Problems 16, determine whether the given...Ch. 2.3 - In Problems 16, determine whether the given...Ch. 2.3 - In Problems 16, determine whether the given...Ch. 2.3 - In Problems 16, determine whether the given...Ch. 2.3 - In Problems 16, determine whether the given...Ch. 2.3 - In Problems 16, determine whether the given...Ch. 2.3 - In Problems 716, obtain the general solution to...Ch. 2.3 - In Problems 716, obtain the general solution to...Ch. 2.3 - In Problems 716, obtain the general solution to...Ch. 2.3 - In Problems 716, obtain the general solution to...Ch. 2.3 - In Problems 716, obtain the general solution to...Ch. 2.3 - In Problems 716, obtain the general solution to...Ch. 2.3 - In Problems 716, obtain the general solution to...Ch. 2.3 - In Problems 716, obtain the general solution to...Ch. 2.3 - Prob. 15ECh. 2.3 - Prob. 17ECh. 2.3 - Prob. 18ECh. 2.3 - Prob. 19ECh. 2.3 - Prob. 20ECh. 2.3 - In Problems 1722, solve the initial value problem....Ch. 2.3 - In Problems 1722, solve the initial value problem....Ch. 2.3 - Radioactive Decay. In Example 2 assume that the...Ch. 2.3 - Prob. 24ECh. 2.3 - (a) Using definite integration, show that the...Ch. 2.3 - Prob. 26ECh. 2.3 - Constant Multiples of Solutions. (a) Show that y =...Ch. 2.3 - Prob. 29ECh. 2.3 - Bernoulli Equations. The equation (18) dydx+2y=xy2...Ch. 2.3 - Prob. 31ECh. 2.3 - Prob. 32ECh. 2.3 - Prob. 33ECh. 2.3 - Prob. 34ECh. 2.3 - Prob. 35ECh. 2.3 - Prob. 36ECh. 2.3 - Prob. 37ECh. 2.3 - Prob. 38ECh. 2.3 - Prob. 39ECh. 2.4 - In Problems 18, classify the equation as...Ch. 2.4 - In Problems 18, classify the equation as...Ch. 2.4 - Prob. 3ECh. 2.4 - Prob. 4ECh. 2.4 - In Problems 18, classify the equation as...Ch. 2.4 - In Problems 18, classify the equation as...Ch. 2.4 - In Problems 18, classify the equation as...Ch. 2.4 - In Problems 18, classify the equation as...Ch. 2.4 - Prob. 9ECh. 2.4 - In Problems 920, determine whether the equation is...Ch. 2.4 - Prob. 11ECh. 2.4 - Prob. 12ECh. 2.4 - Prob. 13ECh. 2.4 - In Problems 920, determine whether the equation is...Ch. 2.4 - Prob. 15ECh. 2.4 - In Problems 920, determine whether the equation is...Ch. 2.4 - Prob. 17ECh. 2.4 - In Problems 920, determine whether the equation is...Ch. 2.4 - Prob. 19ECh. 2.4 - Prob. 20ECh. 2.4 - In Problems 2126, solve the initial value problem....Ch. 2.4 - Prob. 22ECh. 2.4 - Prob. 23ECh. 2.4 - In Problems 2126, solve the initial value problem....Ch. 2.4 - Prob. 25ECh. 2.4 - In Problems 2126, solve the initial value problem....Ch. 2.4 - Prob. 27ECh. 2.4 - For each of the following equations, find the most...Ch. 2.4 - Prob. 29ECh. 2.4 - Prob. 30ECh. 2.4 - Prob. 31ECh. 2.4 - Orthogonal Trajectories. A geometric problem...Ch. 2.4 - Prob. 33ECh. 2.4 - Prob. 34ECh. 2.4 - Prob. 35ECh. 2.4 - Prob. 36ECh. 2.5 - Prob. 1ECh. 2.5 - In Problems 16, identify the equation as...Ch. 2.5 - Prob. 3ECh. 2.5 - Prob. 4ECh. 2.5 - In Problems 16, identify the equation as...Ch. 2.5 - Prob. 6ECh. 2.5 - Prob. 7ECh. 2.5 - Prob. 8ECh. 2.5 - Prob. 9ECh. 2.5 - Prob. 10ECh. 2.5 - Prob. 11ECh. 2.5 - Prob. 12ECh. 2.5 - Prob. 13ECh. 2.5 - Prob. 14ECh. 2.5 - Prob. 15ECh. 2.5 - Prob. 16ECh. 2.5 - Prob. 17ECh. 2.5 - Prob. 18ECh. 2.5 - Prob. 19ECh. 2.5 - Verify that when the linear differential equation...Ch. 2.6 - In Problems 18, identify (do not solve) the...Ch. 2.6 - Prob. 2ECh. 2.6 - Prob. 3ECh. 2.6 - Prob. 4ECh. 2.6 - Prob. 5ECh. 2.6 - Prob. 6ECh. 2.6 - In Problems 18, identify (do not solve) the...Ch. 2.6 - Prob. 8ECh. 2.6 - Use the method discussed under Homogeneous...Ch. 2.6 - Prob. 10ECh. 2.6 - Prob. 11ECh. 2.6 - Prob. 12ECh. 2.6 - Prob. 13ECh. 2.6 - Prob. 14ECh. 2.6 - Prob. 15ECh. 2.6 - Prob. 16ECh. 2.6 - Prob. 17ECh. 2.6 - Prob. 18ECh. 2.6 - Prob. 19ECh. 2.6 - Prob. 20ECh. 2.6 - Prob. 21ECh. 2.6 - Prob. 22ECh. 2.6 - Use the method discussed under Bernoulli Equations...Ch. 2.6 - Prob. 24ECh. 2.6 - Prob. 25ECh. 2.6 - Prob. 26ECh. 2.6 - Prob. 27ECh. 2.6 - Prob. 28ECh. 2.6 - Use the method discussed under Equations with...Ch. 2.6 - Prob. 30ECh. 2.6 - Prob. 31ECh. 2.6 - Prob. 32ECh. 2.6 - Prob. 33ECh. 2.6 - Prob. 34ECh. 2.6 - Prob. 35ECh. 2.6 - In Problems 3340, solve the equation given in: 36....Ch. 2.6 - Prob. 37ECh. 2.6 - Prob. 38ECh. 2.6 - Prob. 39ECh. 2.6 - Prob. 40ECh. 2.6 - Prob. 41ECh. 2.6 - Prob. 42ECh. 2.6 - Prob. 43ECh. 2.6 - Show that equation (13) reduces to an equation of...Ch. 2.6 - Prob. 45ECh. 2.6 - Prob. 46ECh. 2.6 - Prob. 47ECh. 2.6 - Prob. 48ECh. 2 - In Problems 130, solve the equation. 1....Ch. 2 - Prob. 2RPCh. 2 - Prob. 3RPCh. 2 - Prob. 4RPCh. 2 - Prob. 5RPCh. 2 - In Problems 130, solve the equation. 6. 2xy3 dx ...Ch. 2 - In Problems 130, solve the equation. 7. t3y2 dt +...Ch. 2 - Prob. 8RPCh. 2 - In Problems 130, solve the equation. 9. (x2 + y2)...Ch. 2 - Prob. 10RPCh. 2 - Prob. 11RPCh. 2 - Prob. 12RPCh. 2 - Prob. 13RPCh. 2 - Prob. 14RPCh. 2 - Prob. 15RPCh. 2 - Prob. 16RPCh. 2 - Prob. 17RPCh. 2 - Prob. 18RPCh. 2 - Prob. 19RPCh. 2 - Prob. 20RPCh. 2 - Prob. 21RPCh. 2 - Prob. 22RPCh. 2 - Prob. 23RPCh. 2 - In Problems 130, solve the equation. 24. (y/x +...Ch. 2 - Prob. 25RPCh. 2 - Prob. 26RPCh. 2 - Prob. 27RPCh. 2 - Prob. 28RPCh. 2 - Prob. 29RPCh. 2 - Prob. 30RPCh. 2 - Prob. 31RPCh. 2 - Prob. 32RPCh. 2 - Prob. 33RPCh. 2 - Prob. 34RPCh. 2 - Prob. 35RPCh. 2 - Prob. 36RPCh. 2 - Prob. 37RPCh. 2 - Prob. 38RPCh. 2 - Prob. 39RPCh. 2 - Prob. 40RPCh. 2 - Prob. 41RP
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- Refer to page 18 for solving a second-order linear non-homogeneous differential equation. Instructions: Solve the associated homogeneous equation first. Use either the method of undetermined coefficients or variation of parameters for the particular solution. • Provide detailed steps for combining solutions into the general solution. Link: [https://drive.google.com/file/d/1wKSrun-GlxirS31Z9qoHazb9tC440 AZF/view?usp=sharing]arrow_forwardRefer to page 24 for solving a differential equation using Laplace transforms. Instructions: Take the Laplace transform of the given equation, applying initial conditions appropriately. ⚫ Solve the resulting algebraic equation and find the inverse transform. Provide step-by-step solutions with intermediate results and final verification. Link: [https://drive.google.com/file/d/1wKSrun-GlxirS31Z9qoHazb9tC440 AZF/view?usp=sharing]arrow_forwardRefer to page 30 for deriving the Euler-Lagrange equation for an optimal control problem. Instructions: • Use the calculus of variations to derive the Euler-Lagrange equation. Clearly define the functional being minimized or maximized. Provide step-by-step derivations, including all necessary boundary conditions. Avoid skipping critical explanations. Link: [https://drive.google.com/file/d/1wKSrun-GlxirS3IZ9qoHazb9tC440 AZF/view?usp=sharing]arrow_forward
- Refer to page 32 for solving a linear-quadratic regulator (LQR) problem. Instructions: • Formulate the cost functional and state-space representation. • Derive the Riccati equation and solve it step-by-step. Clearly explain how the optimal control law is obtained. Ensure all matrix algebra is shown in detail. Link: [https://drive.google.com/file/d/1wKSrun-GlxirS31Z9qoHazb9tC440AZF/view?usp=sharing]arrow_forwardRefer to page 14 for solving a linear first-order differential equation. Instructions: • Convert the equation into its standard linear form. • Use integrating factors to find the solution. Show all steps explicitly, from finding the factor to integrating and simplifying the solution. Link [https://drive.google.com/file/d/1wKSrun-GlxirS31Z9qoHazb9tC440AZF/view?usp=sharing]arrow_forwardRefer to page 10 for a problem involving solving an exact differential equation. Instructions: • Verify if the equation is exact by testing әм მყ - ƏN მე If not exact, determine an integrating factor to make it exact. • Solve step-by-step, showing all derivations. Avoid irrelevant explanations. Link: [https://drive.google.com/file/d/1wKSrun-GlxirS31Z9qo Haz b9tC440AZF/view?usp=sharing]arrow_forward
- Refer to page 10 for a problem involving solving an exact differential equation. Instructions: Verify exactness carefully. ⚫ If the equation is not exact, find an integrating factor to make it exact. Solve step-by-step and ensure no algebraic steps are skipped. Provide detailed explanations for each transformation. Link: [https://drive.google.com/file/d/1wKSrun-GlxirS31Z9qoHazb9tC440 AZF/view?usp=sharing]arrow_forwardRefer to page 34 for deriving and applying Pontryagin's Maximum Principle. Instructions: ⚫ Define the Hamiltonian for the given control problem. • • Derive the necessary conditions for optimality step-by-step, including state and co-state equations. Solve the resulting system of equations explicitly, showing all intermediate steps. Link: [https://drive.google.com/file/d/1wKSrun-GlxirS31Z9qoHazb9tC440AZF/view?usp=sharing]arrow_forwardRefer to page 20 for solving a separable differential equation. Instructions: ⚫ Separate the variables explicitly. • Integrate both sides carefully, showing intermediate steps. • Simplify the final result and provide the explicit or implicit solution as required. Link: [https://drive.google.com/file/d/1wKSrun-GlxirS31Z9qoHazb9tC440AZF/view?usp=sharing]arrow_forward
- Refer to page 16 for a problem involving solving a second-order linear homogeneous differential equation. Instructions: • Analyze the characteristic equation and address all possible cases (distinct, repeated, and complex roots). • Show detailed steps for deriving the general solution. • Verify solutions by substitution into the original equation. Link: [https://drive.google.com/file/d/1wKSrun-GlxirS31Z9qoHazb9tC440AZF/view?usp=sharing]arrow_forwardNeed help with question?arrow_forwardNeed help with question?arrow_forward
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