ANAT.+PHYSIO.2-LAB.MAN. >CUSTOM<
20th Edition
ISBN: 9781264303090
Author: VanPutte
Publisher: MCGRAW-HILL HIGHER EDUCATION
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Chapter 22, Problem 18RAC
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Tolerance can of two types: self or natural tolerance. Tolerance describes various host processes that influence the immune response within the host cells. It is essential for normal physiological functions as well as overall health.
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Compare and contrast innate and adaptive immunity by matching the following characteristics with the correct arm of immunity, using I for innate and A for adaptive:
a. Is the first to engage on initial encounter with antigen
b. Is the most pathogen specific
c. Employs T and B lymphocytes
d. Adapts during the response
e. Responds identically during a first and second exposure to the same antigen
f. Responds more effectively during a subsequent exposure
g. Includers a memory component
h. Is the target of vaccination
i. Can involve the use of PAMP receptors
j. Involves antigen-specific receptors binding to pathogens
k. Can be mediated by antibodies
Indicate to which branch(es) of the immune system the following statements apply, using H for the humoral branch and CM for the cell-mediated branch. Some statements may apply to both branches (B).
a. Involves B cells
b. Involves T cells
c. Responds to extracellular bacterial infection
d. Involves secreted antibody
e. Kills virus-infected self cells
Which of the following is not a function of antibodies?
Select one:
a. They neutralize pathogens by masking the pathogen surface.
b. They act as molecular adaptors that bridge together pathogen and phagocyte surfaces.
c. They exert toxic effects directly.
d. They act as opsonins that mediate phagocytosis.
e. They activate complement fixation.
Chapter 22 Solutions
ANAT.+PHYSIO.2-LAB.MAN. >CUSTOM<
Ch. 22.1 - Prob. 1AYPCh. 22.2 - Name the parts of the lymphatic system.Ch. 22.2 - How is lympn formed?Ch. 22.2 - Describe the structure of a lymphatic capillary....Ch. 22.2 - What is the function of valves in lymphatic...Ch. 22.2 - Prob. 6AYPCh. 22.2 - Prob. 7AYPCh. 22.2 - Prob. 8AYPCh. 22.2 - Prob. 9AYPCh. 22.2 - Prob. 10AYP
Ch. 22.2 - Describe the structure, function, and location of...Ch. 22.2 - Where are lymph nodes found? Describe the parts of...Ch. 22.2 - Prob. 13AYPCh. 22.2 - Prob. 14AYPCh. 22.2 - Prob. 15AYPCh. 22.2 - Prob. 16AYPCh. 22.3 - Prob. 17AYPCh. 22.3 - Why do specificity and memory relate to adaptive...Ch. 22.3 - What are the differences between innate immunity...Ch. 22.4 - List the three components of innate immunity.Ch. 22.4 - Prob. 21AYPCh. 22.4 - Prob. 22AYPCh. 22.4 - Prob. 23AYPCh. 22.4 - Prob. 24AYPCh. 22.4 - Prob. 25AYPCh. 22.4 - Prob. 26AYPCh. 22.4 - What effects are produced by the chemicals...Ch. 22.4 - Prob. 28AYPCh. 22.4 - Prob. 29AYPCh. 22.4 - Describe the events that take place during an...Ch. 22.4 - Prob. 31AYPCh. 22.5 - Prob. 32AYPCh. 22.5 - Prob. 33AYPCh. 22.5 - What are the two types of adaptive immunity?Ch. 22.5 - Prob. 35AYPCh. 22.5 - Prob. 36AYPCh. 22.5 - What are the primary lymphatic organs? What are...Ch. 22.5 - Prob. 38AYPCh. 22.5 - Prob. 39AYPCh. 22.5 - Prob. 40AYPCh. 22.5 - Prob. 41AYPCh. 22.5 - Prob. 42AYPCh. 22.5 - Prob. 43AYPCh. 22.5 - Prob. 44AYPCh. 22.5 - Prob. 45AYPCh. 22.5 - Prob. 46AYPCh. 22.5 - Prob. 47AYPCh. 22.5 - What are the functions of the variable and...Ch. 22.5 - Prob. 49AYPCh. 22.5 - Prob. 50AYPCh. 22.5 - Prob. 51AYPCh. 22.5 - Prob. 52AYPCh. 22.5 - Prob. 53AYPCh. 22.5 - Prob. 54AYPCh. 22.5 - Prob. 55AYPCh. 22.5 - Prob. 56AYPCh. 22.6 - Prob. 57AYPCh. 22.6 - Prob. 58AYPCh. 22.6 - Prob. 59AYPCh. 22.6 - Prob. 60AYPCh. 22.7 - Prob. 61AYPCh. 22.8 - Prob. 62AYPCh. 22.9 - What effect does aging have on the major functions...Ch. 22.9 - Prob. 64AYPCh. 22 - The lymphatic system a. removes excess fluid from...Ch. 22 - Which of the following statements is correct? a....Ch. 22 - Prob. 3RACCh. 22 - Prob. 4RACCh. 22 - Prob. 5RACCh. 22 - Prob. 6RACCh. 22 - Prob. 7RACCh. 22 - Prob. 8RACCh. 22 - Macrophages a. are large, phagocytic cells that...Ch. 22 - Which of these cells in the most important in the...Ch. 22 - Prob. 11RACCh. 22 - Antigens a. are foreign substances introduced into...Ch. 22 - Prob. 13RACCh. 22 - Prob. 14RACCh. 22 - Prob. 15RACCh. 22 - Which of these participates in costimulation? a....Ch. 22 - Prob. 17RACCh. 22 - Prob. 18RACCh. 22 - Prob. 19RACCh. 22 - Prob. 20RACCh. 22 - Prob. 21RACCh. 22 - Prob. 22RACCh. 22 - Prob. 23RACCh. 22 - Prob. 24RACCh. 22 - Prob. 25RACCh. 22 - A patient is suffering from edema in the...Ch. 22 - Prob. 2CTCh. 22 - If the thymus of an adult experimental animal is...Ch. 22 - Prob. 4CTCh. 22 - Prob. 5CTCh. 22 - Prob. 6CTCh. 22 - Prob. 7CTCh. 22 - Prob. 8CTCh. 22 - Prob. 9CTCh. 22 - Upon first exposure to an antigen, a sequence of...
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- An essential property of the immune system is self-regulation. An immune response that is not adequate can lead to immunodeficiency, whereas an immune response that is excessive can lead to conditions from allergic responses to autoimmune diseases. Which of these is not an example of a breakdown of the self-regulation of the immune system?a. Multiple sclerosisb. Huntington diseasec. Systemic lupusd. Fibromylagiaarrow_forwardExplain why each choice (a-d) is correct or incorrect. A vaccine is effective because a. The vaccine contains the antibodies necessary to fight infection. b. The vaccine contains the lymphocytes necessary to fight infection. c. The secondary response of the adaptive immunity is faster and more efficient than the primary response. d. B lymphocytes are unable to mount an immune response the first time they are exposed to a new pathogen.arrow_forwardDiscuss the effect of the following physiological changes on the effectiveness of the body’s immune response: a. Taking antacids on a regular basis. b. Changes caused by smoking in the cilia in the respiratory epithelium c. Cut or abrasion in the skin. Explain how the body tries to prevent pathogenic entry into the body 2.3. Evaluate factors that affect the efficiency of the body’s first line of defence With Harvard style referencesarrow_forward
- Which of the following statements best characterizes interferons? A. Interferons are a nonspecific defense used to respond to viruses. B. Interferons are part of the humoral immune response against viruses. C. Interferons are part of the humoral immune response against bacteria. D. Interferons are a nonspecific defense used to respond to bacteria.arrow_forwardAntibodies Select one: a. are not specific, but act generally. b. are composed of four light and four heavy polypeptide chains. c. play a large role in cell-mediated immunity. d. are produced by both T and B cells. e. have a variable region that binds to a specific antigenic determinant.arrow_forwardWhich of these is an example of innate immunity?a. Tears and saliva wash away microorganisms.b. Basophils release histamine and leukotrienes.c. Neutrophils phagocytize a microorganism.d. The complement cascade is activated.e. All of these are correctarrow_forward
- Two of the major actions of complement are a. increased inflammatory response and cytolysis. b. recognition and destruction of a specific antigen and cytolysis. c. production of antibody and increased inflammatory response. d. release of cytokines to increase the immune response and production of antibody.arrow_forwardAny aspect of the immune system can be deficient. Which of the following deficiencies would primarily affect the BARRIER function of immunity? Group of answer choices A. Complement Deficiencies, in which a variety of complement proteins do not function properly B. DiGeorge Syndrome, in which the thymus does not develop properly C. Selective IgA deficiency, in which IgA antibodies are produced in very low amounts D. Severe Combined Immune Deficiency (SCID), in which all T and B cell functions are absentarrow_forwardinterferons: a. cause inflammation b. inhibit viral infection c. aid in phagocytosis d. decrease the body temperaturearrow_forward
- Concerning the adaptive immunity, which of the following statements is CORRECT: a. The adaptive immune response occurs very rapidly b. The adaptive immune response leads to us remembering antigens c. The adaptive immune response occurs mainly in the thymus d. The adaptive immune response is mostly dependent on antibodies e. The adaptive immune response is mostly dependent on the complement cascade 46) Concerning acute inflammation, which of the following statements is INCORRECT: a. localised redness occurs because of hyperaemia b. localised heat occurs because of increased bloodflow c. Release of bradykinins and other inflammatory mediators causes localised paind. swelling occurs because capillary permeability is reduced, preventing plasma recirculatione. Inflammatory chemicals at the site of inflammation act as chemotactic agentsarrow_forwardThe four characteristics of adaptive immunity include all of the following except a. activation by a specific antigen. b. memory. c. production of clones of cells that have the same TCR or BCR. d. effective against a wide array of pathogens.arrow_forwardWhat are the roles of the innate immune system? Select all that apply. A. identity self vs. non-self B. provide a physical barrier to infection C. initiate inflammation D. suppress proliferation E. call for help from the adaptive immune system F. circulate fluids through the lymphatic systemarrow_forward
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