Chapter 21.9, Problem 24P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The alkyl halide needed to prepare carboxylic acid by the malonic ester synthesis is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: The $\text{α}$ hydrogen attached to the diester is acidic in nature and on heating diester followed by hydrolysis gives $\text{β-}$ diacid which loses ${\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}$ to give carboxylic acid. The formed acid has components of both alkyl halide and malonic ester.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The alkyl halides needed to prepare carboxylic acid by the malonic ester syntheses are to be predicted.

Concept introduction: The $\text{α}$ hydrogen attached to the diester is acidic in nature and on heating diester followed by hydrolysis gives $\text{β-}$ diacid which loses ${\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}$ to give carboxylic acid. The formed acid has components of both alkyl halide and malonic ester.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: The alkyl halides needed to prepare carboxylic acid by the malonic ester syntheses are to be predicted.

Concept introduction: The $\text{α}$ hydrogen attached to the diester is acidic in nature and on heating diester followed by hydrolysis gives $\text{β-}$ diacid which loses ${\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}$ to give carboxylic acid. The formed acid has components of both alkyl halide and malonic ester.