How human genome must have added three times more Alu elements as in chimpanzee’s genome. Introduction: Alu elements are transposable genetic elements , that is, they have the ability to get transferred from one genome location to another genome location through the process of transposition. Transposition is a type of recombination process that causes a transfer of transposable elements from one site in the DNA to another site within a cell. Alu elements are the most abundant transposable elements in the human genome, comprising almost 10 percent.

Question

1) Look at the ideal results. Were your predictions accurate, and how did they compare with your results? 2) You used aseptic technique during this lab. Why is it important to work in a sterile manner when working with bacteria in the lab? 3) Why are the cells incubated at 42°C?

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Question

Chapter 21.6, Problem 3CC

Summary Introduction

To explain: How human genome must have added three times more Alu elements as in chimpanzee’s genome.

Introduction: Alu elements are transposable genetic elements, that is, they have the ability to get transferred from one genome location to another genome location through the process of transposition. Transposition is a type of recombination process that causes a transfer of transposable elements from one site in the DNA to another site within a cell. Alu elements are the most abundant transposable elements in the human genome, comprising almost 10 percent.

Summary Introduction

To explain: How difference in the number of Alu elements in genomes has contributed to the evolutionary divergence between human and chimpanzees.

Introduction: Divergent evolution is the formation of new species by the accumulation of changes in a group of an interbreeding population. At the molecular level, the divergence can be caused by the formation of paralogous (by gene duplication) and orthologous genes. Humans and chimpanzees have diverged from their most recent common ancestors about 6 million years ago.

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1) Look at the ideal results. Were your predictions accurate, and how did they compare with your results? 2) You used aseptic technique during this lab. Why is it important to work in a sterile manner when working with bacteria in the lab? 3) Why are the cells incubated at 42°C?

Overview of Transformation Protocol -Prepare competent bacteria for transformation: Treat starter E. coli bacteria with CaCl2and Competent Cell Solution (CCS). Store on ice until transformation procedure. Competent cells are cells that are likely to take up foreign DNA and be transformed. This step increases the likelihood that the E. coli cells will take up the introduced vector and be transformed. -Transformation procedure: Obtain two microcentrifuge tubes containing your competent cells. Label one tube +DNA and one -DNA. Add CaCl2 to both tubes. Add the transformation mix containing the plasmid DNA to the tube labeled +DNA. Do not add any plasmid DNA to the -DNA tube. Incubate both tubes on ice for 10 minutes. Then, place both tubes in a 42\deg C water bath for 45 seconds. Replace the tubes in an ice bucket for 2 minutes. Add recovery broth to both tubes. Incubate both tubes in a 37 C water bath for 5 minutes. Questions: 1) What differences would you expect to see between the…

Overview of Transformation Protocol -Prepare competent bacteria for transformation: Treat starter E. coli bacteria with CaCl2and Competent Cell Solution (CCS). Store on ice until transformation procedure. Competent cells are cells that are likely to take up foreign DNA and be transformed. This step increases the likelihood that the E. coli cells will take up the introduced vector and be transformed. -Transformation procedure: Obtain two microcentrifuge tubes containing your competent cells. Label one tube +DNA and one -DNA. Add CaCl2 to both tubes. Add the transformation mix containing the plasmid DNA to the tube labeled +DNA. Do not add any plasmid DNA to the -DNA tube. Incubate both tubes on ice for 10 minutes. Then, place both tubes in a 42\deg C water bath for 45 seconds. Replace the tubes in an ice bucket for 2 minutes. Add recovery broth to both tubes. Incubate both tubes in a 37 C water bath for 5 minutes. Questions: 1)What is the selectable marker in this experiment? How…