Chapter 21.3, Problem 21.3P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

From the given figure 21.4 the stages present in conversion of energy from carbohydrates to energy stored in ATP should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Metabolism: The process by which living organisms synthesize energy they required is known as metabolism. Mainly there are two pathways

1. 1. Catabolism
2. 2. Anabolism

Catabolism: The catabolic pathway involves oxidation reactions and produces energy which converts complex molecules into simple ones

Anabolism: The anabolic pathway involves a series of sequential reactions which converts simple molecules into complex molecules.

The series of reaction present in these reactions is called as metabolic pathway.

First the consumption of food gets digested which results in production of small molecules.

Glycolysis is a pathway which describes conversion of one molecule of glucose into two

Pyruvate molecules.  It involves totally ten set of reactions with it.

Krebs cycle essentially involves the oxidation of acetyl CoA to ${\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}\text{and}{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}$.  It is the final common oxidative pathway for carbohydrates, fats and amino acids.

The process of catabolism of fatty acids includes three major parts and they are,

Activation of fatty acid and its transport into mitochondria

Beta-oxidation

Electron transport chain

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The three places at which the amino acid products join the central metabolism pathway should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Metabolism: The process by which living organisms synthesize energy they required is known as metabolism. Mainly there are two pathways

1. 1. Catabolism
2. 2. Anabolism

Catabolism: The catabolic pathway involves oxidation reactions and produces energy which converts complex molecules into simple ones

Anabolism: The anabolic pathway involves a series of sequential reactions which converts simple molecules into complex molecules.

The series of reaction present in these reactions is called as metabolic pathway.

First the consumption of food gets digested which results in production of small molecules.

Glycolysis is a pathway which describes conversion of one molecule of glucose into 2

Pyruvate molecules. It involves totally 10 set of reactions with it.

Krebs cycle essentially involves the oxidation of acetyl CoA to ${\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}\text{and}{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}$. It is the final common oxidative pathway for carbohydrates, fats, amino acids.

The process of catabolism of fatty acids includes three major parts and they are,

Activation of fatty acid and its transport into mitochondria

Beta-oxidation

Electron transport chain