Anatomy and Physiology by OpenStax
17th Edition
ISBN: 9781506698021
Author: J. Gordon Betts;Dean H. Kruse;Kelly A. Young;Peter DeSaix;Brandon Poe;Oksana Korol;James A. Wise;Eddie Johnson;Jody E. Johnson;Mark Womble
Publisher: XANEDU PUBLISHING
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Textbook Question
Chapter 21, Problem 8RQ
Which of the following cells would be most active in early, anti vital immune responses the first time one is exposed to pathogen?
- macrophage
- Tcell
- neutrophil
- natural killer cell
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Kinetics: One-Compartment First-Order Absorption
1. In vivo testing provides valuable insight into a drug’s kinetics. Assessing drug kinetics following multiple routes of administration provides greater insight than a single route of administration alone. The following data was collected in 250-g rats following bolus IV, oral (PO), and intraperitoneal (ip) administration.
Using this data and set of graphs, determine:(calculate for each variable)
(a) k, C0, V, and AUC* for the bolus iv data
(b) k, ka, B1, and AUC* for the po data
c) k, ka, B1, and AUC* for the ip data
(d) relative bioavailability for po vs ip, Fpo/Fip
(e)absolute ip bioavailability, Fip
(f) absolute po bioavailability, Fpo
3. A promising new drug is being evaluated in human trials. Based on preliminary human tests, this drug is most effective when plasma levels exceed 30 mg/L. Measurements from preliminary tests indicate the following human pharmacokinetic parameter values: t1/2,elim = 4.6hr, t1/2,abs = 0.34hr, VD = 0.29 L/kg, Foral = 72%. Based on these parameters, estimate the following if a 49 kg woman were to receive a 1000mg oral dose of this drug:
(a) Estimate the plasma concentration of the drug at 1hr, 6 hr, and 20hr after taking the drug ( Concentration estimate)
(b) Estimate the time for maximum plasma concentration (tmax).
(c) Estimate the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax).
(d) Estimate the time at which the plasma level first rises above 30 mg/L. (Note this is a trial and error problem where you must guess a time, plug it into the concentration equation, and determine if it is close to 30 mg/L. Hint: based on part (a) it should be apparent that the answer is less than 1hr.)
(e)…
Chapter 21 Solutions
Anatomy and Physiology by OpenStax
Ch. 21 - Visit this website...Ch. 21 - Visit this website...Ch. 21 - Visit this website...Ch. 21 - Immunity can be acquired in an active or passive...Ch. 21 - Which of the following cells is phagocytic? plasma...Ch. 21 - Which structure allows lymph from the lower right...Ch. 21 - Which of the following cells is important hi the...Ch. 21 - Which of the following cells would be most active...Ch. 21 - Which of the lymphoid nodules is most likely to...Ch. 21 - Which of the following signs is not characteristic...
Ch. 21 - Which of the following is not important in the...Ch. 21 - Enhanced phagocytosis of a cell by the binding of...Ch. 21 - Which of the following leads to the redness of...Ch. 21 - T cells that secrete cytokines that help antibody...Ch. 21 - The taking in of antigen and digesting it for...Ch. 21 - Why is clonal expansion so important? to select...Ch. 21 - The elimination of self-reactive thymocytes is...Ch. 21 - Which type of T cell is most effective against...Ch. 21 - Removing functionality from a B cell without...Ch. 21 - Which class of antibody crosses the placenta in...Ch. 21 - Which class of antibody has no known function...Ch. 21 - When does class switching occur? primary response...Ch. 21 - Which class of antibody is found in mucus? IgM IgA...Ch. 21 - Which enzymes in macrophages are important for...Ch. 21 - What type of chronic lung disease is caused by a...Ch. 21 - Which type of immune response is most directly...Ch. 21 - What is the reason that you have to be immunized...Ch. 21 - Which type of immune response works in conceit...Ch. 21 - Which type of hypersensitivity involves soluble...Ch. 21 - What causes the delay in delayed hypersensitivity?...Ch. 21 - Which of the following is a critical feature of...Ch. 21 - Which of the following is an autoimmune disease of...Ch. 21 - What drug is used to counteract the effects of...Ch. 21 - Which of the following terms means many genes?...Ch. 21 - Why do we have natural antibodies? We dont know...Ch. 21 - Which type of cancer is associated with HIV...Ch. 21 - How does cyclosporine A work? suppresses...Ch. 21 - What disease is associated with bone marrow...Ch. 21 - Describe the flow of lymph from its origins in...Ch. 21 - Describe the process of inflammation in an area...Ch. 21 - Describe two early induced responses and what...Ch. 21 - Describe the processing and presentation of an...Ch. 21 - Describe clonal selection and expansion.Ch. 21 - Describe how secondary B cell responses are...Ch. 21 - Describe the role of IgM in immunity.Ch. 21 - Describe how seroconversion works in HIV disease.Ch. 21 - Describe tuberculosis and the innocent bystander...Ch. 21 - Describe anaphylactic shock in someone sensitive...Ch. 21 - Describe rheumatic fever and how Tolerance is...Ch. 21 - Describe how stress affects immune responses.
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