Chapter 21, Problem 57PP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given starting compounds and selective reagents used to accomplish the target products transformation should be draw and identified.

Concept introduction:

Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.

Elimination Reaction: It is just reverse reaction of addition where substituent from the given molecule is removed via $E_1$(the reaction depends only on the substrate involved in the reaction) or $E_2$(the reaction depends on both of the substituents in the reaction) mechanism.

Acid Catalyzed Hydration Reaction: The reaction involves breaking of π-bonds between carbon-carbon multiple bonds and addition of alcohol to more substituted position of carbon in the molecule.

$LiAl{\left(OR\right)}_{3}H$Reduction: The saturated/unsaturated acid, acid chlorides and ketones in the presence of $\text{LiAl}{\left(\text{OR}\right)}_{\text{3}}\text{H}$ and carbonyl compound produced aldehyde. The particularly acid

Chloride group involves in the reduction process of $\text{LiAl}{\left(\text{OR}\right)}_{\text{3}}\text{H}$, this end up reducing to give the aldehyde.

Oxidation Reaction: The oxidation-reduction reaction is a type of chemical reaction it is involves a transfer of electrons between two species. In other words oxidation reaction number of a molecule atom or ion changes by gaining or losing electrons.

Synthesis of Acid chloride: The different acid chlorides (like ${\text{SOCl}}_{\text{2}}{\text{, POCl}}_{\text{2}}$ and ${\text{PCl}}_{\text{5}}$ etc.,) react with carboxylic acids (or) alcohols under could conditions to produce acetyl chloride.

Esterification reaction: This type of conversion reaction involved aliphatic, aromatic carboxylic acid to different esters using mineral acids (like $\text{dil}\text{.HCl, dil}{\text{.H}}_{\text{2}}{\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}$) and alcohols Fisher Esterification. The equal amount of carboxylic acid is treated with alcohols in presence of acid catalyst conditions to give target ester along with water. This type of conversion called as Fisher Esterification.