DRAW IT Below are the amino acid sequences(using the single-letter code; see Figure 5.14) of four short segments of the FOXP2 protein from six Speeles: chimpanzce (Q, orangutan (()), gorllla (G), rhesus macaque (R), mouse (M), and human (H). These segments contain all of the amino acid differences helween the FOXP2 proteinsof these species.
Use a highlighter to color anv amino acid that varies among the species. (Color that amino acid in all sequences.
- (a) The C, G, R sequences are identical. Identily which lines correspond to those sequences.
- (b) The O sequence differs from the C, G, R speieces at two amino acids. Underilnethetwodlffcrences inthe H sequence.
- (c) The O sequence diffen from the C, G, R sequences at one amino acid (having V instead of A) and from the H sequence at three amino acids. Identify tho O sequence.
- (d) In the M sequence,circle the amino acid(s) that differ from the C, G, R sequence, and draw a square around those that differ from the H sequence.
- (e) Primates and rodents diverged between 60 and IO0 million years ago. and chimpanzees and humans about 6 million years ago. Compare the amino acid differences between the mouse and the C, G, R species with those between the human and the C, G, R species. What can you conclude?
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Chapter 21 Solutions
CAMPBELL BIOLOGY (18W)
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- You have discovered a novel protein that has a pl = 5.5. To study the functional properties of this new protein your research group has made a mutant that contains two amino acid changes-namely, a surface Phe residue in the normal protein has been replace by His (side chain pk = 6.1), and a surface Gln has been replace by Glu (side chain pk. = 6.0). The pl of the mutant protein is predicted to be: A. Greater than the pl of the normal protein. B. Less than the pl of the normal protein. C. The same as the pl of the normal protein.arrow_forwardIn a folded protein, Glu116 is close in three-dimensional space to Lys224. The pKa of the carboxylic acid functional group in the side chain of glutamic acid is 4.3. The pKa of the amino group in the side chain of lysine is 10.5. How do you think the pKa of the side chain of Glu116 will change in the folded protein? a. The pKa will be > 4.3. b. The pKa will be < 4.3. c. The pKa will not change. 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What is the sequence of the peptide?arrow_forwardA pentapeptide was found to increase the rate of hydrolysis of fats in the adipose tissues to provide fatty acids as sources of energy. The amino acid sequence of this peptide was determined to be: ALA-ARG-LYS-MET-SER Hydrolysis of the three variants of the peptide, and analysis of their amino acid composition revealed the following changes: Variants Amino Acid Replacement Peptide 1 Arg was replaced by Leu Peptide 2 Ala was replaced by Tyr Peptide 3 Arg was replaced by Glu What will be the positions of these variant peptides compared with the normal peptide in an electrophoretic run at pH 7.0?arrow_forwardSickle cell anemia is caused by a point mutation in the β-globin chain of hemoglobin. Glutamic acid is replaced by Valine. HBB sequence in normal adult hemoglobin (Hb A): Leu-Thr-Pro-Glu-Glu-Lys-Ser HBB sequence in mutant adult hemoglobin (Hb S): Leu-Thr-Pro-Val-Glu-Lys-Ser What effect does this mutation have on the structure and function of the protein? Predict what would happen to the RBC if the glutamic acid was replaced with asparagine instead of valine.arrow_forwardA peptide with the primary structure Lys-Arg-Pro-Leu-Ile-Asp-Gly-Ala must be synthesized by the methods developed by Merrifield. Calculate the percentage of the peptides synthesized that will be full length and have the correct sequence if the addition of each amino acid residue is 96% efficient. Do the calculation a second time but assume a 99% efficiency for each cycle. full-length peptides with the correct sequence if 96% efficient: full-length peptides with the correct sequence if 99% efficient: % %arrow_forwardA peptide with 19 amino acid residues was digested with trypsin and generated the following fragments: • GGIR SFLG WAAPK AEEGLR A similar peptide was treated with chymotrypsin and generated the following fragments: • LG AEEGLRW AAPKGGIRSF Elucidate the correct sequence of the peptide.arrow_forwardGiven the genetic code below, enter the correct amino acid sequence for the following RNA sequence: AUG GAG UCC UUG CUG UGA (enter the amino acids as the 3 letter abbreviation on the table separated by dashes with no spaces e.g. Met-Thr-Lys-Glu-Ser) Alanine (Ala) AGUC Tyrosine (Tyr) Valine (Val) GU Cysteine (Cys) START HERE G Arginine (Arg) G Tryptophan (Trp) A C CUGA Serine (Ser) Leucine (Leu) Lysine (Lys) Proline (Pro) Asparagine (Asn) 0406 ACUGACUOROE (na) auone (aug) Giycine (Gly) Serine (Ser) Phenylalanine Glutamic acid (Glu) Aspartic acid (Asp) Histidine (His) Glutamine (Gin) Arginine (Arg) Isoleucine (lle) Methionine (Met) o Threonine (Thr)arrow_forwardShown in the following table are several amino acid substitutionsin the a and b chains of human hemoglobin. determine how many of them can occur as a result of a single nucleotide change.arrow_forwardThere is another melanocyte-stimulating hormone called β-melanotropin.Cleavage of β-melanotropin with trypsin produces the following peptidesplus free aspartic acid. 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For each position, which amino acid predominates?(d) There is one position that can be any amino acid, although one amino acid appears much more often than any other. What position is this, and which amino acid appears most often?arrow_forwardarrow_back_iosSEE MORE QUESTIONSarrow_forward_ios
- Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781305389892Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillanPublisher:Cengage Learning