Essential Organic Chemistry (3rd Edition)
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780321937711
Author: Paula Yurkanis Bruice
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 21, Problem 30P
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is the retrovirus that causes AIDS. AZT was one of the first drugs designed to interfere with retroviral DNA synthesis. When cells take up AZT, they convert it to AZT-triphosphate. Explain how AZT interferes with DNA synthesis.
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10.
Stereochemistry. Assign R/S stereochemistry for the chiral center indicated on the
following compound. In order to recieve full credit, you MUST SHOW YOUR WORK!
H₂N
CI
OH
CI
カー
11. () Stereochemistry. Draw all possible stereoisomers of the following compound. Assign
R/S configurations for all stereoisomers and indicate the relationship between each as
enantiomer, diastereomer, or meso.
NH2
H
HNH,
-18
b)
8.
Indicate whether the following carbocation rearrangements are likely to occur
Please explain your rational using 10 words or less
not likely to occur
• The double bond is still in the
Same position
+
Likely
to oc
occur
WHY?
-3
H3C
Brave
Chair Conformers. Draw the chair conformer of the following substituted
cyclohexane. Peform a RING FLIP and indicate the most stable
conformation and briefly explain why using 20 words or less.
CI
2
-cobs ??
MUST INDICATE H -2
-2
Br
EQ
Cl
OR
AT
Br
H&
most stable
WHY?
- 4
CH
12
Conformational Analysis. Draw all 6 conformers (one above each letter) of the
compound below looking down the indicated bond. Write the letter of the
conformer with the HIGHEST and LOWEST in energies on the lines provided.
NOTE: Conformer A MUST be the specific conformer of the structure as drawn below
-4 NOT
HOH
OH
3
Conformer A:
Br
OH
A
Samo
Br H
04
Br
H
H3
CH₂
H
anti
stagere
Br CH
clipsed
H
Brott
H
IV
H
MISSING 2
-2
B
C
D
E
F
X
6
Conformer with HIGHEST ENERGY:
13. (1
structure
LOWEST ENERGY:
Nomenclature. a) Give the systematic (IUPAC) name structure. b) Draw the
corresponding to this name. HINT: Do not forget to indicate stereochemistry
when applicable.
a)
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Parent name (noname)
4 Bromo
Sub = 2-methylethyl-4 Bromo nonane
b) (3R,4S)-3-chloro-4-ethyl-2,7-dimethyloctane
# -2
-2
Chapter 21 Solutions
Essential Organic Chemistry (3rd Edition)
Ch. 21.1 - Draw the structure for each of the following: a....Ch. 21.3 - If one of the strands of DNA has the following...Ch. 21.4 - The 2,3-cyclic phosphodiester that is formed...Ch. 21.5 - Using a dark line for the original parental DNA...Ch. 21.7 - Why do both thymine and uracil specify the...Ch. 21.9 - If methionine is always the first amino acid...Ch. 21.9 - Four Cs occur in a row in the segment of mRNA...Ch. 21.9 - UAA is a stop codon. Why does the UAA sequence in...Ch. 21.9 - A change in which base of a codon would be least...Ch. 21.9 - Write the sequences of bases in the sense strand...
Ch. 21.9 - List the possible codons on mRNA that specify each...Ch. 21.10 - Adenine can be deaminated to hypoxanthine, and...Ch. 21.10 - Explain why thymine cannot be deaminated.Ch. 21.12 - Which of the following base sequences would most...Ch. 21 - Draw structures for the following: a....Ch. 21 - What nonapeptide is coded for by the following...Ch. 21 - What is the sequence of bases in the template...Ch. 21 - What is the sequence of bases in the sense strand...Ch. 21 - What would be the C-terminal amino acid if the...Ch. 21 - What would be the base sequence of the segment of...Ch. 21 - Propose a mechanism for the following reaction:Ch. 21 - A segment of DNA has 18 base pairs. It has 7...Ch. 21 - Match the codon with the anticodon: Codon: AAA GCA...Ch. 21 - Using the single-letter abbreviations for the...Ch. 21 - Indicate whether each functional group of the five...Ch. 21 - Using the A and D designations in Problem 25,...Ch. 21 - Which of the following pairs of dinucleotides are...Ch. 21 - If an mRNA contained only U and G in random...Ch. 21 - Why is the codon a triplet rather than a doublet...Ch. 21 - Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is the...Ch. 21 - The amino acid sequences of peptide fragments...Ch. 21 - Which cytosine in the following sense strand of...Ch. 21 - Prob. 33PCh. 21 - Why does DNA not unravel completely before...Ch. 21 - The first amino acid incorporated into a...
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- in the scope of the SCH4U course! please show all steps as im still learning how to format my answers in the format given, thank you!arrow_forwardhelp me solve this HWarrow_forwardMolecules of the form AH2 can exist in two potential geometries: linear or bent. Construct molecular orbital diagrams for linear and bent CH2. Identify the relevant point group, include all of the appropriate symmetry labels and pictures, and fill in the electrons. Which geometry would you predict to be more stable, and why? (Please draw out the diagram and explain)arrow_forward
- Indicate the variation in conductivity with concentration in solutions of strong electrolytes and weak electrolytes.arrow_forwardThe molar conductivity of a very dilute solution of NaCl has been determined. If it is diluted to one-fourth of the initial concentration, qualitatively explain how the molar conductivity of the new solution will compare with the first.arrow_forwardWhat does the phrase mean, if instead of 1 Faraday of electricity, Q coulombs (Q/F Faradays) pass through?arrow_forward
- What characteristics should an interface that forms an electrode have?arrow_forwardFor a weak acid AcH, calculate the dissociated fraction (alpha), if its concentration is 1.540 mol L-1 and the concentration [H+] is 5.01x10-4 mol L-1.arrow_forwardIf the molar conductivity at infinite dilution of HAC is A0 = 390.5 S cm² mol¹. Calculate the Arrhenius conductivity of a 9.3% by weight solution of HAc with a pH of 3.3. Data: molecular weight of HAC is 60.05 g/mol and the density of the solution is 1 g/cm³.arrow_forward
- If the molar conductivity at infinite dilution of HAC is A0 = 390.5 S cm² mol¹. Calculate the Arrhenius conductivity of a 9.3% by weight solution of HAc with a pH of 3.3. Data: molecular weight of HAC is 60.05 g/mol and the density of the solution is 1 g/cm³.arrow_forwardIf the molar conductivity at infinite dilution of HAC is A0 = 390.5 S cm² mol¹. Calculate the Arrhenius conductivity of a 9.3% by weight solution of HAc with a pH of 3.3. Data: molecular weight of HAC is 60.05 g/mol and the density of the solution is 1 g/cm³.arrow_forwardDetermine the distance between the metal and the OHP layer using the Helm- holtz model when the electrode's differential capacitance is 145 μF cm². DATA: dielectric constant of the medium for the interfacial zone &r= lectric constant of the vacuum &0 = 8.85-10-12 F m-1 = 50, die-arrow_forward
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