The decreased compliance in fibrotic lung disease. Introduction. The respiratory tract is the long tube that extends from the nose to the lungs. The inner lining of the respiratory tract is lined by mucosa that secrets mucous for easy expansion and contraction of the tube and also to trap the dust and foreign particles in the mucous membrane.

Question

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 21, Problem 1RE

A.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The decreased compliance in fibrotic lung disease.

Introduction. The respiratory tract is the long tube that extends from the nose to the lungs. The inner lining of the respiratory tract is lined by mucosa that secrets mucous for easy expansion and contraction of the tube and also to trap the dust and foreign particles in the mucous membrane.

A.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

As a person ages the work required for breathing increases as the muscles will have to put more effort intobreathing due to the increased resistance and loss of elasticity in the muscles. With advancing age the flexibility and the elasticity in the muscles decrease due to which the individual’s body feels more rigid which requires more effort and so he/she becomes more exhausted in routine activities. This also takes place in case of fibrotic disease where scarring of lung tissue and decreases the gaseous exchange capacity. The fibrosis prevents the gaseous exchange in individuals and exerts pressure on lungs thereby decreasing lung capacities.

B.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The increased airway resistance in emphysema.

Introduction: The partial pressure of carbon dioxide determines the pH of the body tissues as it is circulated through the blood to all the body tissues and is exchanged with oxygen. The body tissues have high partial pressure of carbon dioxide due to anaerobic respiration and low partial pressure of oxygen which helps to exchange carbon dioxide and oxygen.

B.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Emphysema is a lung disorder that leads to shortness of breath. In people with emphysema, the air sacs or alveoli in the lungs are damaged. Over time, the inner walls of the air sacs weaken and rupture creating larger air spaces instead of many small ones. The increase in the spaces between the alveoli hampers with the gaseous exchange and decreases lung compliance. The loss of alveolar space causes an increase in airway resistance and prevents oxygen and carbon dioxide from diffusing in the alveolar spaces easily.

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 21, Problem 1RE

A.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The decreased compliance in fibrotic lung disease.

Introduction. The respiratory tract is the long tube that extends from the nose to the lungs. The inner lining of the respiratory tract is lined by mucosa that secrets mucous for easy expansion and contraction of the tube and also to trap the dust and foreign particles in the mucous membrane.

A.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

As a person ages the work required for breathing increases as the muscles will have to put more effort intobreathing due to the increased resistance and loss of elasticity in the muscles. With advancing age the flexibility and the elasticity in the muscles decrease due to which the individual’s body feels more rigid which requires more effort and so he/she becomes more exhausted in routine activities. This also takes place in case of fibrotic disease where scarring of lung tissue and decreases the gaseous exchange capacity. The fibrosis prevents the gaseous exchange in individuals and exerts pressure on lungs thereby decreasing lung capacities.

B.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The increased airway resistance in emphysema.

Introduction: The partial pressure of carbon dioxide determines the pH of the body tissues as it is circulated through the blood to all the body tissues and is exchanged with oxygen. The body tissues have high partial pressure of carbon dioxide due to anaerobic respiration and low partial pressure of oxygen which helps to exchange carbon dioxide and oxygen.

B.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Emphysema is a lung disorder that leads to shortness of breath. In people with emphysema, the air sacs or alveoli in the lungs are damaged. Over time, the inner walls of the air sacs weaken and rupture creating larger air spaces instead of many small ones. The increase in the spaces between the alveoli hampers with the gaseous exchange and decreases lung compliance. The loss of alveolar space causes an increase in airway resistance and prevents oxygen and carbon dioxide from diffusing in the alveolar spaces easily.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 21, Problem 1RE

A.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The decreased compliance in fibrotic lung disease.

Introduction. The respiratory tract is the long tube that extends from the nose to the lungs. The inner lining of the respiratory tract is lined by mucosa that secrets mucous for easy expansion and contraction of the tube and also to trap the dust and foreign particles in the mucous membrane.

A.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

As a person ages the work required for breathing increases as the muscles will have to put more effort intobreathing due to the increased resistance and loss of elasticity in the muscles. With advancing age the flexibility and the elasticity in the muscles decrease due to which the individual’s body feels more rigid which requires more effort and so he/she becomes more exhausted in routine activities. This also takes place in case of fibrotic disease where scarring of lung tissue and decreases the gaseous exchange capacity. The fibrosis prevents the gaseous exchange in individuals and exerts pressure on lungs thereby decreasing lung capacities.

B.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The increased airway resistance in emphysema.

Introduction: The partial pressure of carbon dioxide determines the pH of the body tissues as it is circulated through the blood to all the body tissues and is exchanged with oxygen. The body tissues have high partial pressure of carbon dioxide due to anaerobic respiration and low partial pressure of oxygen which helps to exchange carbon dioxide and oxygen.

B.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Emphysema is a lung disorder that leads to shortness of breath. In people with emphysema, the air sacs or alveoli in the lungs are damaged. Over time, the inner walls of the air sacs weaken and rupture creating larger air spaces instead of many small ones. The increase in the spaces between the alveoli hampers with the gaseous exchange and decreases lung compliance. The loss of alveolar space causes an increase in airway resistance and prevents oxygen and carbon dioxide from diffusing in the alveolar spaces easily.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 21, Problem 1RE

A.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The decreased compliance in fibrotic lung disease.

Introduction. The respiratory tract is the long tube that extends from the nose to the lungs. The inner lining of the respiratory tract is lined by mucosa that secrets mucous for easy expansion and contraction of the tube and also to trap the dust and foreign particles in the mucous membrane.

A.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

As a person ages the work required for breathing increases as the muscles will have to put more effort intobreathing due to the increased resistance and loss of elasticity in the muscles. With advancing age the flexibility and the elasticity in the muscles decrease due to which the individual’s body feels more rigid which requires more effort and so he/she becomes more exhausted in routine activities. This also takes place in case of fibrotic disease where scarring of lung tissue and decreases the gaseous exchange capacity. The fibrosis prevents the gaseous exchange in individuals and exerts pressure on lungs thereby decreasing lung capacities.

B.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The increased airway resistance in emphysema.

Introduction: The partial pressure of carbon dioxide determines the pH of the body tissues as it is circulated through the blood to all the body tissues and is exchanged with oxygen. The body tissues have high partial pressure of carbon dioxide due to anaerobic respiration and low partial pressure of oxygen which helps to exchange carbon dioxide and oxygen.

B.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Emphysema is a lung disorder that leads to shortness of breath. In people with emphysema, the air sacs or alveoli in the lungs are damaged. Over time, the inner walls of the air sacs weaken and rupture creating larger air spaces instead of many small ones. The increase in the spaces between the alveoli hampers with the gaseous exchange and decreases lung compliance. The loss of alveolar space causes an increase in airway resistance and prevents oxygen and carbon dioxide from diffusing in the alveolar spaces easily.

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Answer 5

Chapter 21, Problem 1RE

A.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The decreased compliance in fibrotic lung disease.

Introduction. The respiratory tract is the long tube that extends from the nose to the lungs. The inner lining of the respiratory tract is lined by mucosa that secrets mucous for easy expansion and contraction of the tube and also to trap the dust and foreign particles in the mucous membrane.

A.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

As a person ages the work required for breathing increases as the muscles will have to put more effort intobreathing due to the increased resistance and loss of elasticity in the muscles. With advancing age the flexibility and the elasticity in the muscles decrease due to which the individual’s body feels more rigid which requires more effort and so he/she becomes more exhausted in routine activities. This also takes place in case of fibrotic disease where scarring of lung tissue and decreases the gaseous exchange capacity. The fibrosis prevents the gaseous exchange in individuals and exerts pressure on lungs thereby decreasing lung capacities.

B.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The increased airway resistance in emphysema.

Introduction: The partial pressure of carbon dioxide determines the pH of the body tissues as it is circulated through the blood to all the body tissues and is exchanged with oxygen. The body tissues have high partial pressure of carbon dioxide due to anaerobic respiration and low partial pressure of oxygen which helps to exchange carbon dioxide and oxygen.

B.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Emphysema is a lung disorder that leads to shortness of breath. In people with emphysema, the air sacs or alveoli in the lungs are damaged. Over time, the inner walls of the air sacs weaken and rupture creating larger air spaces instead of many small ones. The increase in the spaces between the alveoli hampers with the gaseous exchange and decreases lung compliance. The loss of alveolar space causes an increase in airway resistance and prevents oxygen and carbon dioxide from diffusing in the alveolar spaces easily.

Answer 6

Chapter 21, Problem 1RE

A.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The decreased compliance in fibrotic lung disease.

Introduction. The respiratory tract is the long tube that extends from the nose to the lungs. The inner lining of the respiratory tract is lined by mucosa that secrets mucous for easy expansion and contraction of the tube and also to trap the dust and foreign particles in the mucous membrane.

A.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

As a person ages the work required for breathing increases as the muscles will have to put more effort intobreathing due to the increased resistance and loss of elasticity in the muscles. With advancing age the flexibility and the elasticity in the muscles decrease due to which the individual’s body feels more rigid which requires more effort and so he/she becomes more exhausted in routine activities. This also takes place in case of fibrotic disease where scarring of lung tissue and decreases the gaseous exchange capacity. The fibrosis prevents the gaseous exchange in individuals and exerts pressure on lungs thereby decreasing lung capacities.

Answer 7

Chapter 21, Problem 1RE

A.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The decreased compliance in fibrotic lung disease.

Introduction. The respiratory tract is the long tube that extends from the nose to the lungs. The inner lining of the respiratory tract is lined by mucosa that secrets mucous for easy expansion and contraction of the tube and also to trap the dust and foreign particles in the mucous membrane.

Answer 8

A.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

As a person ages the work required for breathing increases as the muscles will have to put more effort intobreathing due to the increased resistance and loss of elasticity in the muscles. With advancing age the flexibility and the elasticity in the muscles decrease due to which the individual’s body feels more rigid which requires more effort and so he/she becomes more exhausted in routine activities. This also takes place in case of fibrotic disease where scarring of lung tissue and decreases the gaseous exchange capacity. The fibrosis prevents the gaseous exchange in individuals and exerts pressure on lungs thereby decreasing lung capacities.

Answer 9

A.

Expert Solution

Answer 10

A.

Expert Solution

Answer 11

Expert Solution

Answer 12

B.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The increased airway resistance in emphysema.

Introduction: The partial pressure of carbon dioxide determines the pH of the body tissues as it is circulated through the blood to all the body tissues and is exchanged with oxygen. The body tissues have high partial pressure of carbon dioxide due to anaerobic respiration and low partial pressure of oxygen which helps to exchange carbon dioxide and oxygen.

B.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Emphysema is a lung disorder that leads to shortness of breath. In people with emphysema, the air sacs or alveoli in the lungs are damaged. Over time, the inner walls of the air sacs weaken and rupture creating larger air spaces instead of many small ones. The increase in the spaces between the alveoli hampers with the gaseous exchange and decreases lung compliance. The loss of alveolar space causes an increase in airway resistance and prevents oxygen and carbon dioxide from diffusing in the alveolar spaces easily.

Answer 13

B.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The increased airway resistance in emphysema.

Introduction: The partial pressure of carbon dioxide determines the pH of the body tissues as it is circulated through the blood to all the body tissues and is exchanged with oxygen. The body tissues have high partial pressure of carbon dioxide due to anaerobic respiration and low partial pressure of oxygen which helps to exchange carbon dioxide and oxygen.

Answer 14

B.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Emphysema is a lung disorder that leads to shortness of breath. In people with emphysema, the air sacs or alveoli in the lungs are damaged. Over time, the inner walls of the air sacs weaken and rupture creating larger air spaces instead of many small ones. The increase in the spaces between the alveoli hampers with the gaseous exchange and decreases lung compliance. The loss of alveolar space causes an increase in airway resistance and prevents oxygen and carbon dioxide from diffusing in the alveolar spaces easily.

Answer 15

B.

Expert Solution

Answer 16

B.

Expert Solution

Answer 17

Expert Solution

Answer 18

Ch. 21 - Prob. 1RE Ch. 21 - Prob. 3RE

Explanation of Solution

Explanation of Solution

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Chapter 21 Solutions