The reason behind the ineffectiveness of amoxicillin. Case summary: David was bitten by a tick which resulted in a boil on his left shoulder. Though it was not painful still he went to primary care physician who prescribed him amoxicillin for the boil. After three days, he started to feel much worse.

Question

1. In vivo testing provides valuable insight into a drug’s kinetics. Assessing drug kinetics following multiple different routes of administration provides greater insight than just a single route of administration alone. The following data was collected in 250 g rats following bolus iv, oral (po), and intraperitoneal (ip) administration.Using this data and set of graphs, determine: (a) k, C0, V, and AUC* for the bolus iv data (b) k, ka, B1, and AUC* for the po data (c) k, ka, B1, and AUC* for the ip data (d) relative bioavailability for po vs ip, Fpo/Fip (e) absolute po bioavailability, (f)Fpo absolute ip bioavailability, Fip MAKE SURE ANSWERS HAVE UNITS if appropriate. SHOW ALL WORK, including equation used, variables used and each step to your solution.

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 21, Problem 1EDCS

(1)

Summary Introduction

To explain:

The reason behind the ineffectiveness of amoxicillin.

Case summary:

David was bitten by a tick which resulted in a boil on his left shoulder. Though it was not painful still he went to primary care physician who prescribed him amoxicillin for the boil. After three days, he started to feel much worse.

(2)

Summary Introduction

To explain:

The reason behind not showing infection in antibody test.

Case summary:

After three days of David’s visit to primary care physician, he developed high fever, muscle pain, fatigue, headache and rashes over his entire body. His physician suspected Rocky Mountain spotted fever and ordered test using Rickettsia rickettsii.

(3)

Summary Introduction

To explain:

The technique of PCR testing.

Case summary:

The laboratory antibody test using Rickettsia rickettsii came out to be negative as David was not suffering from Rocky Mountain spotted fever. The physician took the skin sample from the infected area of David and PCR testing was conducted on that sample.

(4)

Summary Introduction

To explain:

The color of Rickettsia in Gram-stained sample of David’s skin.

Case summary:

David was not suffering from Rocky Mountain spotted fever. The physician took the skin sample from the infected area of David and PCR testing was conducted on that sample. The testing revealed the presence of Rickettsia parkeri.

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1. In vivo testing provides valuable insight into a drug’s kinetics. Assessing drug kinetics following multiple different routes of administration provides greater insight than just a single route of administration alone. The following data was collected in 250 g rats following bolus iv, oral (po), and intraperitoneal (ip) administration.Using this data and set of graphs, determine: (a) k, C0, V, and AUC* for the bolus iv data (b) k, ka, B1, and AUC* for the po data (c) k, ka, B1, and AUC* for the ip data (d) relative bioavailability for po vs ip, Fpo/Fip (e) absolute po bioavailability, (f)Fpo absolute ip bioavailability, Fip MAKE SURE ANSWERS HAVE UNITS if appropriate. SHOW ALL WORK, including equation used, variables used and each step to your solution.

2. Drug quantification from plasma is commonly performed by using techniques such as HPLC or LC/MS. However, these methods do have limitations, and investigators may choose to use a radiolabeled analog of a drug instead. Radioligands are molecules that contain radioactive isotopes, commonly 3H or 14C. This technique allows investigators to quantify drug concentration from radiation measurements. The following measurements were made in 250 g rats following oral administration of 18.2 µCi of a 14C-labeled drug of interest: Time (min) Plasma Radiation Levels (µCi/L) 0 0.0 2 9.7 4 19.2 7 25.3 9 37.8 12 39.6 14 45.8 17 48.8 20 52.0 25 56.4 30 59.2 35 60.1 40 61.1 45 62.1 50 62.8 60 63.1 70 62.1 80 60.1 90 57.3 100 55.5 110 53.7 120 52.2 150 48.0 180 45.0 240 39.0 Note that a µCi is a measure of the amount of radioactivity and hence is a measure of the amount of drug present. Given that the oral bioavailability of this drug is known to be essentially 100%, estimate the following from this…

The current nutrition labelling regulation in Hong Kong requires food manufacturer to list E+7 information on the package of pre-packaged food products. Do you think that more nutrients, such as calcium and cholesterol, shall be included?

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 21, Problem 1EDCS

(1)

Summary Introduction

To explain:

The reason behind the ineffectiveness of amoxicillin.

Case summary:

David was bitten by a tick which resulted in a boil on his left shoulder. Though it was not painful still he went to primary care physician who prescribed him amoxicillin for the boil. After three days, he started to feel much worse.

(2)

Summary Introduction

To explain:

The reason behind not showing infection in antibody test.

Case summary:

After three days of David’s visit to primary care physician, he developed high fever, muscle pain, fatigue, headache and rashes over his entire body. His physician suspected Rocky Mountain spotted fever and ordered test using Rickettsia rickettsii.

(3)

Summary Introduction

To explain:

The technique of PCR testing.

Case summary:

The laboratory antibody test using Rickettsia rickettsii came out to be negative as David was not suffering from Rocky Mountain spotted fever. The physician took the skin sample from the infected area of David and PCR testing was conducted on that sample.

(4)

Summary Introduction

To explain:

The color of Rickettsia in Gram-stained sample of David’s skin.

Case summary:

David was not suffering from Rocky Mountain spotted fever. The physician took the skin sample from the infected area of David and PCR testing was conducted on that sample. The testing revealed the presence of Rickettsia parkeri.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Check out sample textbook solution

Answer 3

Question

Chapter 21, Problem 1EDCS

(1)

Summary Introduction

To explain:

The reason behind the ineffectiveness of amoxicillin.

Case summary:

David was bitten by a tick which resulted in a boil on his left shoulder. Though it was not painful still he went to primary care physician who prescribed him amoxicillin for the boil. After three days, he started to feel much worse.

(2)

Summary Introduction

To explain:

The reason behind not showing infection in antibody test.

Case summary:

After three days of David’s visit to primary care physician, he developed high fever, muscle pain, fatigue, headache and rashes over his entire body. His physician suspected Rocky Mountain spotted fever and ordered test using Rickettsia rickettsii.

(3)

Summary Introduction

To explain:

The technique of PCR testing.

Case summary:

The laboratory antibody test using Rickettsia rickettsii came out to be negative as David was not suffering from Rocky Mountain spotted fever. The physician took the skin sample from the infected area of David and PCR testing was conducted on that sample.

(4)

Summary Introduction

To explain:

The color of Rickettsia in Gram-stained sample of David’s skin.

Case summary:

David was not suffering from Rocky Mountain spotted fever. The physician took the skin sample from the infected area of David and PCR testing was conducted on that sample. The testing revealed the presence of Rickettsia parkeri.

Expert Solution & Answer

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See solution

Check out sample textbook solution

Answer 4

Question

Chapter 21, Problem 1EDCS

(1)

Summary Introduction

To explain:

The reason behind the ineffectiveness of amoxicillin.

Case summary:

David was bitten by a tick which resulted in a boil on his left shoulder. Though it was not painful still he went to primary care physician who prescribed him amoxicillin for the boil. After three days, he started to feel much worse.

(2)

Summary Introduction

To explain:

The reason behind not showing infection in antibody test.

Case summary:

After three days of David’s visit to primary care physician, he developed high fever, muscle pain, fatigue, headache and rashes over his entire body. His physician suspected Rocky Mountain spotted fever and ordered test using Rickettsia rickettsii.

(3)

Summary Introduction

To explain:

The technique of PCR testing.

Case summary:

The laboratory antibody test using Rickettsia rickettsii came out to be negative as David was not suffering from Rocky Mountain spotted fever. The physician took the skin sample from the infected area of David and PCR testing was conducted on that sample.

(4)

Summary Introduction

To explain:

The color of Rickettsia in Gram-stained sample of David’s skin.

Case summary:

David was not suffering from Rocky Mountain spotted fever. The physician took the skin sample from the infected area of David and PCR testing was conducted on that sample. The testing revealed the presence of Rickettsia parkeri.

Expert Solution & Answer

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See solution

Check out sample textbook solution

Answer 5

Chapter 21, Problem 1EDCS

(1)

Summary Introduction

To explain:

The reason behind the ineffectiveness of amoxicillin.

Case summary:

David was bitten by a tick which resulted in a boil on his left shoulder. Though it was not painful still he went to primary care physician who prescribed him amoxicillin for the boil. After three days, he started to feel much worse.

(2)

Summary Introduction

To explain:

The reason behind not showing infection in antibody test.

Case summary:

After three days of David’s visit to primary care physician, he developed high fever, muscle pain, fatigue, headache and rashes over his entire body. His physician suspected Rocky Mountain spotted fever and ordered test using Rickettsia rickettsii.

(3)

Summary Introduction

To explain:

The technique of PCR testing.

Case summary:

The laboratory antibody test using Rickettsia rickettsii came out to be negative as David was not suffering from Rocky Mountain spotted fever. The physician took the skin sample from the infected area of David and PCR testing was conducted on that sample.

(4)

Summary Introduction

To explain:

The color of Rickettsia in Gram-stained sample of David’s skin.

Case summary:

David was not suffering from Rocky Mountain spotted fever. The physician took the skin sample from the infected area of David and PCR testing was conducted on that sample. The testing revealed the presence of Rickettsia parkeri.

Answer 6

Chapter 21, Problem 1EDCS

(1)

Summary Introduction

To explain:

The reason behind the ineffectiveness of amoxicillin.

Case summary:

David was bitten by a tick which resulted in a boil on his left shoulder. Though it was not painful still he went to primary care physician who prescribed him amoxicillin for the boil. After three days, he started to feel much worse.

Answer 7

Chapter 21, Problem 1EDCS

(1)

Summary Introduction

To explain:

The reason behind the ineffectiveness of amoxicillin.

Case summary:

David was bitten by a tick which resulted in a boil on his left shoulder. Though it was not painful still he went to primary care physician who prescribed him amoxicillin for the boil. After three days, he started to feel much worse.

Answer 8

(2)

Summary Introduction

To explain:

The reason behind not showing infection in antibody test.

Case summary:

After three days of David’s visit to primary care physician, he developed high fever, muscle pain, fatigue, headache and rashes over his entire body. His physician suspected Rocky Mountain spotted fever and ordered test using Rickettsia rickettsii.

Answer 9

(2)

Summary Introduction

To explain:

The reason behind not showing infection in antibody test.

Case summary:

After three days of David’s visit to primary care physician, he developed high fever, muscle pain, fatigue, headache and rashes over his entire body. His physician suspected Rocky Mountain spotted fever and ordered test using Rickettsia rickettsii.

Answer 10

(3)

Summary Introduction

To explain:

The technique of PCR testing.

Case summary:

The laboratory antibody test using Rickettsia rickettsii came out to be negative as David was not suffering from Rocky Mountain spotted fever. The physician took the skin sample from the infected area of David and PCR testing was conducted on that sample.

Answer 11

(3)

Summary Introduction

To explain:

The technique of PCR testing.

Case summary:

The laboratory antibody test using Rickettsia rickettsii came out to be negative as David was not suffering from Rocky Mountain spotted fever. The physician took the skin sample from the infected area of David and PCR testing was conducted on that sample.

Answer 12

(4)

Summary Introduction

To explain:

The color of Rickettsia in Gram-stained sample of David’s skin.

Case summary:

David was not suffering from Rocky Mountain spotted fever. The physician took the skin sample from the infected area of David and PCR testing was conducted on that sample. The testing revealed the presence of Rickettsia parkeri.

Answer 13

(4)

Summary Introduction

To explain:

The color of Rickettsia in Gram-stained sample of David’s skin.

Case summary:

David was not suffering from Rocky Mountain spotted fever. The physician took the skin sample from the infected area of David and PCR testing was conducted on that sample. The testing revealed the presence of Rickettsia parkeri.

Answer 14

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Ch. 21 - Most human infections caused by species of...Ch. 21 - Prob. 2MC Ch. 21 - Prob. 3MC Ch. 21 - Prob. 4MC Ch. 21 - The most commonly reported sexually transmitted...Ch. 21 - Prob. 6MC Ch. 21 - Prob. 7MC Ch. 21 - Prob. 8MC Ch. 21 - Prob. 9MC Ch. 21 - Prob. 10MC

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