(a) To write: Effect of mutation in Bad such that it cannot be phosphorylated on apoptosis. Introduction: Bad gene is both a positive and negative regulator of apoptosis. When non-phosphorylated it binds to Bcl-2 protein and prevents its anti-apoptotic activity. However, a phosphorylated Bad cannot bind to Bcl-2

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 21, Problem 16RTC

Summary Introduction

(a)

To write:

Effect of mutation in Bad such that it cannot be phosphorylated on apoptosis.

Introduction:

Bad gene is both a positive and negative regulator of apoptosis. When non-phosphorylated it binds to Bcl-2 protein and prevents its anti-apoptotic activity. However, a phosphorylated Bad cannot bind to Bcl-2

Summary Introduction

(b)

To write:

Effect of overexpression of Bcl-2 on apoptosis.

Introduction:

Bcl-2 is a negative regulator of apoptosis and the overexpression of Bcl-2 blocks the movement of cytochrome-c from the mitochondrial membrane to the cytosol.

Summary Introduction

(c)

To write:

Effect of mutation in Bax gene such that it cannot form homodimers.

Introduction:

Bax if the first pro-apoptotic gene to be discovered. Its sequence is somewhat related to the Bcl-2 and CED-9 gene both of which are known to be the suppressor of apoptosis. However, overexpression of Bax gene can cause cell death.

Summary Introduction

To write:

Which of the mutations discussed above are likely to be present in cancer cells.

Introduction:

Cells that undergo uncontrolled cell division and have the ability to metastasize to other parts of the body are known as cancer cells. These cells have lost the ability to undergo apoptosis as they do not die and keep of dividing.

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 21, Problem 16RTC

Summary Introduction

(a)

To write:

Effect of mutation in Bad such that it cannot be phosphorylated on apoptosis.

Introduction:

Bad gene is both a positive and negative regulator of apoptosis. When non-phosphorylated it binds to Bcl-2 protein and prevents its anti-apoptotic activity. However, a phosphorylated Bad cannot bind to Bcl-2

Summary Introduction

(b)

To write:

Effect of overexpression of Bcl-2 on apoptosis.

Introduction:

Bcl-2 is a negative regulator of apoptosis and the overexpression of Bcl-2 blocks the movement of cytochrome-c from the mitochondrial membrane to the cytosol.

Summary Introduction

(c)

To write:

Effect of mutation in Bax gene such that it cannot form homodimers.

Introduction:

Bax if the first pro-apoptotic gene to be discovered. Its sequence is somewhat related to the Bcl-2 and CED-9 gene both of which are known to be the suppressor of apoptosis. However, overexpression of Bax gene can cause cell death.

Summary Introduction

To write:

Which of the mutations discussed above are likely to be present in cancer cells.

Introduction:

Cells that undergo uncontrolled cell division and have the ability to metastasize to other parts of the body are known as cancer cells. These cells have lost the ability to undergo apoptosis as they do not die and keep of dividing.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 3

Question

Chapter 21, Problem 16RTC

Summary Introduction

(a)

To write:

Effect of mutation in Bad such that it cannot be phosphorylated on apoptosis.

Introduction:

Bad gene is both a positive and negative regulator of apoptosis. When non-phosphorylated it binds to Bcl-2 protein and prevents its anti-apoptotic activity. However, a phosphorylated Bad cannot bind to Bcl-2

Summary Introduction

(b)

To write:

Effect of overexpression of Bcl-2 on apoptosis.

Introduction:

Bcl-2 is a negative regulator of apoptosis and the overexpression of Bcl-2 blocks the movement of cytochrome-c from the mitochondrial membrane to the cytosol.

Summary Introduction

(c)

To write:

Effect of mutation in Bax gene such that it cannot form homodimers.

Introduction:

Bax if the first pro-apoptotic gene to be discovered. Its sequence is somewhat related to the Bcl-2 and CED-9 gene both of which are known to be the suppressor of apoptosis. However, overexpression of Bax gene can cause cell death.

Summary Introduction

To write:

Which of the mutations discussed above are likely to be present in cancer cells.

Introduction:

Cells that undergo uncontrolled cell division and have the ability to metastasize to other parts of the body are known as cancer cells. These cells have lost the ability to undergo apoptosis as they do not die and keep of dividing.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 4

Question

Chapter 21, Problem 16RTC

Summary Introduction

(a)

To write:

Effect of mutation in Bad such that it cannot be phosphorylated on apoptosis.

Introduction:

Bad gene is both a positive and negative regulator of apoptosis. When non-phosphorylated it binds to Bcl-2 protein and prevents its anti-apoptotic activity. However, a phosphorylated Bad cannot bind to Bcl-2

Summary Introduction

(b)

To write:

Effect of overexpression of Bcl-2 on apoptosis.

Introduction:

Bcl-2 is a negative regulator of apoptosis and the overexpression of Bcl-2 blocks the movement of cytochrome-c from the mitochondrial membrane to the cytosol.

Summary Introduction

(c)

To write:

Effect of mutation in Bax gene such that it cannot form homodimers.

Introduction:

Bax if the first pro-apoptotic gene to be discovered. Its sequence is somewhat related to the Bcl-2 and CED-9 gene both of which are known to be the suppressor of apoptosis. However, overexpression of Bax gene can cause cell death.

Summary Introduction

To write:

Which of the mutations discussed above are likely to be present in cancer cells.

Introduction:

Cells that undergo uncontrolled cell division and have the ability to metastasize to other parts of the body are known as cancer cells. These cells have lost the ability to undergo apoptosis as they do not die and keep of dividing.

Expert Solution & Answer

Want to see the full answer?

Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 5

Chapter 21, Problem 16RTC

Summary Introduction

(a)

To write:

Effect of mutation in Bad such that it cannot be phosphorylated on apoptosis.

Introduction:

Bad gene is both a positive and negative regulator of apoptosis. When non-phosphorylated it binds to Bcl-2 protein and prevents its anti-apoptotic activity. However, a phosphorylated Bad cannot bind to Bcl-2

Summary Introduction

(b)

To write:

Effect of overexpression of Bcl-2 on apoptosis.

Introduction:

Bcl-2 is a negative regulator of apoptosis and the overexpression of Bcl-2 blocks the movement of cytochrome-c from the mitochondrial membrane to the cytosol.

Summary Introduction

(c)

To write:

Effect of mutation in Bax gene such that it cannot form homodimers.

Introduction:

Bax if the first pro-apoptotic gene to be discovered. Its sequence is somewhat related to the Bcl-2 and CED-9 gene both of which are known to be the suppressor of apoptosis. However, overexpression of Bax gene can cause cell death.

Summary Introduction

To write:

Which of the mutations discussed above are likely to be present in cancer cells.

Introduction:

Cells that undergo uncontrolled cell division and have the ability to metastasize to other parts of the body are known as cancer cells. These cells have lost the ability to undergo apoptosis as they do not die and keep of dividing.

Answer 6

Chapter 21, Problem 16RTC

Summary Introduction

(a)

To write:

Effect of mutation in Bad such that it cannot be phosphorylated on apoptosis.

Introduction:

Bad gene is both a positive and negative regulator of apoptosis. When non-phosphorylated it binds to Bcl-2 protein and prevents its anti-apoptotic activity. However, a phosphorylated Bad cannot bind to Bcl-2

Answer 7

Chapter 21, Problem 16RTC

Summary Introduction

(a)

To write:

Effect of mutation in Bad such that it cannot be phosphorylated on apoptosis.

Introduction:

Bad gene is both a positive and negative regulator of apoptosis. When non-phosphorylated it binds to Bcl-2 protein and prevents its anti-apoptotic activity. However, a phosphorylated Bad cannot bind to Bcl-2

Answer 8

Summary Introduction

(b)

To write:

Effect of overexpression of Bcl-2 on apoptosis.

Introduction:

Bcl-2 is a negative regulator of apoptosis and the overexpression of Bcl-2 blocks the movement of cytochrome-c from the mitochondrial membrane to the cytosol.

Answer 9

Summary Introduction

(b)

To write:

Effect of overexpression of Bcl-2 on apoptosis.

Introduction:

Bcl-2 is a negative regulator of apoptosis and the overexpression of Bcl-2 blocks the movement of cytochrome-c from the mitochondrial membrane to the cytosol.

Answer 10

Summary Introduction

(c)

To write:

Effect of mutation in Bax gene such that it cannot form homodimers.

Introduction:

Bax if the first pro-apoptotic gene to be discovered. Its sequence is somewhat related to the Bcl-2 and CED-9 gene both of which are known to be the suppressor of apoptosis. However, overexpression of Bax gene can cause cell death.

Answer 11

Summary Introduction

(c)

To write:

Effect of mutation in Bax gene such that it cannot form homodimers.

Introduction:

Bax if the first pro-apoptotic gene to be discovered. Its sequence is somewhat related to the Bcl-2 and CED-9 gene both of which are known to be the suppressor of apoptosis. However, overexpression of Bax gene can cause cell death.

Answer 12

Summary Introduction

To write:

Which of the mutations discussed above are likely to be present in cancer cells.

Introduction:

Cells that undergo uncontrolled cell division and have the ability to metastasize to other parts of the body are known as cancer cells. These cells have lost the ability to undergo apoptosis as they do not die and keep of dividing.

Answer 13

Summary Introduction

To write:

Which of the mutations discussed above are likely to be present in cancer cells.

Introduction:

Cells that undergo uncontrolled cell division and have the ability to metastasize to other parts of the body are known as cancer cells. These cells have lost the ability to undergo apoptosis as they do not die and keep of dividing.

Answer 14

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Answer 15

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Answer 16

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Answer 17

Ch. 21 - Prob. 1RTC Ch. 21 - Prob. 2RTC Ch. 21 - Prob. 3RTC Ch. 21 - Prob. 4RTC Ch. 21 - Prob. 5RTC Ch. 21 - Prob. 6RTC Ch. 21 - Prob. 7RTC Ch. 21 - Prob. 8RTC Ch. 21 - Prob. 9RTC Ch. 21 - Prob. 10RTC

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(b)

To write:

Effect of overexpression of Bcl-2 on apoptosis.

Introduction:

Bcl-2 is a negative regulator of apoptosis and the overexpression of Bcl-2 blocks the movement of cytochrome-c from the mitochondrial membrane to the cytosol.

Want to see the full answer?

Chapter 21 Solutions

Concept explainers

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(b) To write: Effect of overexpression of Bcl-2 on apoptosis. Introduction: Bcl-2 is a negative regulator of apoptosis and the overexpression of Bcl-2 blocks the movement of cytochrome-c from the mitochondrial membrane to the cytosol.

Want to see the full answer?

Chapter 21 Solutions

(b)

To write:

Effect of overexpression of Bcl-2 on apoptosis.

Introduction:

Bcl-2 is a negative regulator of apoptosis and the overexpression of Bcl-2 blocks the movement of cytochrome-c from the mitochondrial membrane to the cytosol.