Chapter 21, Problem 16P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Synthesis of some compounds using two different cross-coupling reactions is to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Heck Mizoroki reaction is a coupling reaction between an alkene and an alkenyl or aryl halide in presence of palladium catalyst and a base, usually an amine, at an elevated temperature. The active palladium catalyst involved in the reaction has only two ligands so it is coordinatively unsaturated.

Suzuki Miyaura coupling is a palladium catalyzed reaction in which alkenyl or aryl borate couple with an alkenyl or aryl halides. In this reaction, the stereochemistry of reactants is retained in products.

Stille coupling is a reaction in which organotin compounds are coupled with organic halides. Here, organotin compounds are used as coupling agents. This reaction takes place in presence of palladium catalysts.