What is Life? A Guide to Biology with Physiology
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9781464157745
Author: Jay Phelan
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Chapter 21, Problem 13SA
Summary Introduction
To analyze:
How the countercurrent exchange system improves the efficiency of gas exchange in fishes.
Introduction:
Gas exchange in fishes occurs at the lamellae of the gills, where blood capillaries are present.
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How does the countercurrent exchange system increase the efficiency of gas exchange between a fish’s gills and blood?
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Define the term “exchange surface” and list four common features of gas-exchange organs in animals.
Chapter 21 Solutions
What is Life? A Guide to Biology with Physiology
Ch. 21 - Prob. 1SACh. 21 - Prob. 2SACh. 21 - Prob. 3SACh. 21 - Prob. 4SACh. 21 - Prob. 5SACh. 21 - Prob. 6SACh. 21 - Prob. 7SACh. 21 - Prob. 8SACh. 21 - Prob. 9SACh. 21 - Prob. 10SA
Ch. 21 - Prob. 11SACh. 21 - Prob. 12SACh. 21 - Prob. 13SACh. 21 - Prob. 14SACh. 21 - Prob. 15SACh. 21 - Prob. 16SACh. 21 - Prob. 17SACh. 21 - Prob. 18SACh. 21 - Prob. 1MCCh. 21 - Prob. 2MCCh. 21 - Prob. 3MCCh. 21 - Prob. 4MCCh. 21 - Prob. 5MCCh. 21 - Prob. 6MCCh. 21 - Prob. 7MCCh. 21 - Prob. 8MCCh. 21 - Prob. 9MCCh. 21 - Prob. 10MCCh. 21 - Prob. 11MCCh. 21 - Prob. 12MCCh. 21 - Prob. 13MCCh. 21 - Prob. 14MCCh. 21 - Prob. 15MCCh. 21 - Prob. 16MCCh. 21 - Prob. 17MCCh. 21 - Prob. 18MC
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- Countercurrent flow of water and blood increases the efficiency of gas exchange in ______. a. fishes c. birds b. amphibians d. all of the abovearrow_forwardSOURCE: Gills are the main site of gas exchange in almost all fishes. The gills consist of bony or cartilaginously stiffened arches that anchor pairs of gill filaments. In sharks, the pairs of gill filaments are separated by a fleshy septum. The numerous, minute lamellae that protrude from both sides of each filament are the primary sites of gas exchange; however, not all the blood flow in the gills is directed to the lamellae. "Nonrespiratory basal blood channels or venolymphatic simuses may carry a significant fraction of the gall blood found that resting rainbow trout perfused approximately 58% of their lamellae with blood. Trout in hypoxic (low dissolved oxygen) water or injected with epinepherine (eg. simulating stress or excitement) perfused more than 70% of their lamellae. Conversely, injections of acetylcholine decreased perfused lamellae to approximately 43%. These results indicate that rainbow trout can increase the number of lamellae that are used in respiration as the…arrow_forwardUsing Daphnia and grasshoppers as specific examples, compare how aquatic arthropods accomplish gas exchange with how terrestrial arthropods accomplish gas exchange?arrow_forward
- Can you answer all the parts to this question regarding fish A: Describe countercurrent exchange in your own words. B: Describe concurrent exchange in your own words. C: Mammals have dead end sacs called “alveoli” and don’t have the super efficient countercurrent exchange system seen in fish. Why do you think countercurrent exchange is necessary for fish? (hint: think about the difference between where most mammals and fish live).arrow_forwardCompare the efficiency of fish gills with mammalian lungs.arrow_forwardBriefly describe the differences in respiratory needs and structures used for gas exchange in the squid, oyster, and a terrestrial snail.arrow_forward
- Describe two features of the gills of aquatic animals thatfavor diffusion of O2 and CO2.arrow_forwardDescribe an advantage of a fish’s gills for breathing in water and a disadvantage for breathing on land.arrow_forwardExplain some structural and functional features that are common to all gas-exchange surfaces in animals.arrow_forward
- What is the site of gaseous exchange in an insect?arrow_forwardWith unidirectional flow, fish can arrange the blood flow in their gills so that they can extract all the oxygen from the water they inhale. Explain how this is achievedarrow_forwardSharks and bony fishes approach or achieve neutral buoyancy in different ways. Describe the methods evolved in each group. Why must a teleost fish adjust the gas volume in its swim blad-der when it swims upward or downward? How is gas volume adjusted?arrow_forward
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