Biochemistry
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781305577206
Author: Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 21, Problem 10P
Interpretation Introduction
To propose:
For the glucose molecule synthesis from ribulose 1,5bisphosphate and carbon di oxide the balanced equation is given which has 3 reactions of Calvin Benson cycle.
Introduction:
The Calvin Benson cycle is that which takes place during photosynthesis in the chloroplasts. This
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Calculate the energy cost of the Calvin cycle combined with glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, that is, the ratio of the energy spent synthesizing starch from CO2 and photosynthetically produced NADPH and ATP to the energy generated by the complete oxidation of starch. Assume that each NADPH is energetically equivalent to 2.5 ATP and that starch biosynthesis and breakdown are mechanistically identical to glycogen synthesis and break down.
Please help fill out the metabolic Pathway table of the Pentose-Phosphate Pathway in the first table and the Calvin-Benson Cycle in the second table by listing its enzymes and its functions
a)
Draw the carboxylation reaction mechanism catalyzed by Rubisco. Include the substrates, products, key amino acid residues in the active site, and important metal ions.
b)
Describe each step in the Rubisco carboxylation reaction and why the carbamylated lysine is critical for enzyme activity.
c.
Describe the purpose of the "regeneration stage" of the Calvin-Benson cycle.
Chapter 21 Solutions
Biochemistry
Ch. 21 - P700* Has the Most Negative Standard Reduction...Ch. 21 - Prob. 2PCh. 21 - Prob. 3PCh. 21 - Prob. 4PCh. 21 - The Relative Efficiency of ATP Synthesis in...Ch. 21 - pH and in the Chloroplast Proton-Motive Force...Ch. 21 - Prob. 7PCh. 21 - Prob. 8PCh. 21 - Prob. 9PCh. 21 - Prob. 10P
Ch. 21 - Tracing the Fate of CO2 During Photosynthesis...Ch. 21 - Prob. 12PCh. 21 - Prob. 13PCh. 21 - The Source of the Oxygen Atoms in Photosynthetic...Ch. 21 - Prob. 15PCh. 21 - Prob. 16PCh. 21 - Prob. 17PCh. 21 - The Overall Free Energy Change for Photosynthetic...Ch. 21 - Prob. 19PCh. 21 - Prob. 20PCh. 21 - Prob. 21P
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biochemistry and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- What proportion of 3-phosphoglycerate will carry 14C after five enzymatic turnovers 2) (five equivalents of CO2 are fixed) if purified active rubisco in a test tube is exposed to 100% 14CO2? Explain. This is the cycle that we are supposed to use when answering the question. I am not sure where to start when finding the proportions. know chemi cal Structures - nams for The Calvin Cycle Energy production via glycolysis; starch or ADP CO (3) Stage 1: Fixation ATP (3) Stage 3: Regeneration (3) of acceptor sugar CHOH synthesis снон CH;0- Ribulose 1,5- bisphosphate (3) (5) Pi-triose phosphate antiporter CHO (1) CHOH foo SHOH Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (6) 3-Phosphoglycerate (6) "triose phosphates" Dihydroxyacetone phosphate Stage 2: Reduction (6) NADP+ (6) NADPH + H* ADP ATP (6) (6) (6)arrow_forwardConsider the mechanism of the aldolase reaction given in figure 9.25. In chapter 12, we saw that the same enzyme was used to catalyze the reverse reaction, DHAP + glyceraldehyde-3-phosphatefructose-1,6-bisphosphate, in the first step of stage 3 in the Calvin Cycle. Using arrows and structures similar to what is shown in 9.25, propose a mechanism for this reverse reaction (which is an aldol condensationarrow_forwardThe net equation for oxidative phosphorylation can be written as 2NADH + 2 H+ + O2 →2 H2O + 2 NAD+. Write an analogous equation for the light reactions of photosynthesis.arrow_forward
- It is believed that the ratio of cyclic photophosphorylation to noncyclicphotophosphorylation changes in response to metabolic demands. Ineach of the following situations, would you expect the ratio to increase,decrease, or remain unchanged?(a) Chloroplasts carrying out both the Calvin cycle and the reduction ofnitrite (NO2-) to ammonia (This process does not require ATP.)(b) Chloroplasts carrying out not only the Calvin cycle but also extensiveactive transport(c) Chloroplasts using both the Calvin cycle and the C4 pathwayarrow_forwardSo the last few blanks are between cyclic and nocyclic but im not sure how to calulate for the problemarrow_forwardIodoacetate reacts irreversibly with the free -SH groups of cysteine residues in proteins. List which Calvin cycle enzyme(s) you would predict to be inhibited by iodoacetate, and briefly explain whyarrow_forward
- In cyclic photophosphorylation, it is estimated that two electrons must be passed through the cycle to pump enough protons to generate one ATP. Assuming that the ΔG for hydrolysis of ATP under conditions existing in the chloroplast is about -50 kJ/mol, what is the corresponding percent efficiency of cyclic photophosphorylation, using light of 700 nm?arrow_forwardIn cyclic photophosphorylation, it is estimated that two electrons must bepassed through the cycle to pump enough protons to generate one ATP.Assuming that the ∆G for hydrolysis of ATP under conditions existing inthe chloroplast is about -50 kJ/mol, what is the corresponding percent efficiency of cyclic photophosphorylation, using light of 700 nm?arrow_forwardWhich photosystem (I, II, both or neither) is disrupted by each of the inhibitors?Explain how you arrived at your answer.DCMUMethylviologenDesaspidinFerricyanidePhenazine methosulfatearrow_forward
- Propose structures for intermediates A and B in the scheme below. This three-step conversion is carried out by enzymes that require no redox cofactors (no FAD, NADH etc.) nor TPP. Which enzyme in the citric acid cycle has an activity most similar to enzyme 1? Which enzyme in the PPP or the citric acid cycle has an intermediate that bears similarity to intermediate B? H OH COO™ Enzl A Enz2 B Enz3 OHarrow_forwardConsider the malate dehydrogenase reaction from the citric acid cycle. Given the listed concentrations, calculate the free energy change for this reaction at energy change for this reaction at 37.0 °C (310 K). AG" for the reaction is +29.7 kJ/mol. Assume that the reaction occurs at pH 7. [malate] = 1.27 mM [oxaloacetate] = 0.210 mM [NAD+] = 320 mM [NADH] = 130 mM AG: -48.5 kJ.mol-¹arrow_forwardPhotorespiration is a multienzyme bypass of the Calvin cycle's CO2 fixation process in plants and all other oxygenic phototrophs. This bypass removes and recycles 2-phosphoglycolate, a damaging by- product of photosynthesis in the presence of 02, which is formed when 02 substitutes CO2 in the CO2 fixation pathway. Discuss the situation of fixing 02 (oxygen) rather than CO2 (carbon dioxide) in plants.arrow_forward
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