a) LiAlH 4 , then H 3 O + Interpretation: The product produced when p-methylbenzoic acid is treated with LiAlH 4 and then with H 3 O + is to be predicted. Concept introduction: Carboxylic acids get reduced to primary alcohols when treated with LiAlH 4 . To predict: The product produced when p-methylbenzoic acid is treated with LiAlH 4 and then with H 3 O + .

Question

Laser. Indicate the relationship between metastable state and stimulated emission.

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 20.SE, Problem 47AP

Interpretation Introduction

a) LiAlH₄, then H₃O⁺

Interpretation:

The product produced when p-methylbenzoic acid is treated with LiAlH₄ and then with H₃O⁺ is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

Carboxylic acids get reduced to primary alcohols when treated with LiAlH₄.

To predict:

The product produced when p-methylbenzoic acid is treated with LiAlH₄ and then with H₃O⁺.

Interpretation Introduction

b) N-Bromosuccinimide in CCl₄

Interpretation:

The product produced when p-methylbenzoic acid is treated with N-bromosuccinimide in CCl₄ is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

N-bromosuccinimide in CCl₄ is used for introducing a Br in the benzyl carbon.

To predict:

The product produced when p-methylbenzoic acid is treated with N-bromosuccinimide in CCl₄.

Interpretation Introduction

c) CH₃MgBr in ether, then H₃O⁺

Interpretation:

The product produced when p-methylbenzoic acid is treated with CH₃MgBr and then with H₃O⁺ is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

Grignard reagents will react with the carboxyl hydrogen to yield alkanes.

To predict:

The product produced when p-methylbenzoic acid is treated with CH₃MgBr and then with H₃O⁺.

Interpretation Introduction

d) KMnO₄, H₃O⁺

Interpretation:

The product produced when p-methylbenzoic acid is treated with KMnO₄ in the presence of H₃O⁺ is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

When treated with KMnO₄ in the presence of H₃O⁺, the side chain in aromatic compounds is oxidized to carboxyl group.

To predict:

The product produced when p-methylbenzoic acid is treated with KMnO₄ in the presence of H₃O⁺.

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Laser. Indicate the relationship between metastable state and stimulated emission.

The table includes macrostates characterized by 4 energy levels (&) that are equally spaced but with different degrees of occupation. a) Calculate the energy of all the macrostates (in joules). See if they all have the same energy and number of particles. b) Calculate the macrostate that is most likely to exist. For this macrostate, show that the population of the levels is consistent with the Boltzmann distribution. macrostate 1 macrostate 2 macrostate 3 ε/k (K) Populations Populations Populations 300 5 3 4 200 7 9 8 100 15 17 16 0 33 31 32 DATO: k = 1,38×10-23 J K-1

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 20.SE, Problem 47AP

Interpretation Introduction

a) LiAlH₄, then H₃O⁺

Interpretation:

The product produced when p-methylbenzoic acid is treated with LiAlH₄ and then with H₃O⁺ is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

Carboxylic acids get reduced to primary alcohols when treated with LiAlH₄.

To predict:

The product produced when p-methylbenzoic acid is treated with LiAlH₄ and then with H₃O⁺.

Interpretation Introduction

b) N-Bromosuccinimide in CCl₄

Interpretation:

The product produced when p-methylbenzoic acid is treated with N-bromosuccinimide in CCl₄ is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

N-bromosuccinimide in CCl₄ is used for introducing a Br in the benzyl carbon.

To predict:

The product produced when p-methylbenzoic acid is treated with N-bromosuccinimide in CCl₄.

Interpretation Introduction

c) CH₃MgBr in ether, then H₃O⁺

Interpretation:

The product produced when p-methylbenzoic acid is treated with CH₃MgBr and then with H₃O⁺ is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

Grignard reagents will react with the carboxyl hydrogen to yield alkanes.

To predict:

The product produced when p-methylbenzoic acid is treated with CH₃MgBr and then with H₃O⁺.

Interpretation Introduction

d) KMnO₄, H₃O⁺

Interpretation:

The product produced when p-methylbenzoic acid is treated with KMnO₄ in the presence of H₃O⁺ is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

When treated with KMnO₄ in the presence of H₃O⁺, the side chain in aromatic compounds is oxidized to carboxyl group.

To predict:

The product produced when p-methylbenzoic acid is treated with KMnO₄ in the presence of H₃O⁺.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 20.SE, Problem 47AP

Interpretation Introduction

a) LiAlH₄, then H₃O⁺

Interpretation:

The product produced when p-methylbenzoic acid is treated with LiAlH₄ and then with H₃O⁺ is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

Carboxylic acids get reduced to primary alcohols when treated with LiAlH₄.

To predict:

The product produced when p-methylbenzoic acid is treated with LiAlH₄ and then with H₃O⁺.

Interpretation Introduction

b) N-Bromosuccinimide in CCl₄

Interpretation:

The product produced when p-methylbenzoic acid is treated with N-bromosuccinimide in CCl₄ is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

N-bromosuccinimide in CCl₄ is used for introducing a Br in the benzyl carbon.

To predict:

The product produced when p-methylbenzoic acid is treated with N-bromosuccinimide in CCl₄.

Interpretation Introduction

c) CH₃MgBr in ether, then H₃O⁺

Interpretation:

The product produced when p-methylbenzoic acid is treated with CH₃MgBr and then with H₃O⁺ is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

Grignard reagents will react with the carboxyl hydrogen to yield alkanes.

To predict:

The product produced when p-methylbenzoic acid is treated with CH₃MgBr and then with H₃O⁺.

Interpretation Introduction

d) KMnO₄, H₃O⁺

Interpretation:

The product produced when p-methylbenzoic acid is treated with KMnO₄ in the presence of H₃O⁺ is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

When treated with KMnO₄ in the presence of H₃O⁺, the side chain in aromatic compounds is oxidized to carboxyl group.

To predict:

The product produced when p-methylbenzoic acid is treated with KMnO₄ in the presence of H₃O⁺.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 20.SE, Problem 47AP

Interpretation Introduction

a) LiAlH₄, then H₃O⁺

Interpretation:

The product produced when p-methylbenzoic acid is treated with LiAlH₄ and then with H₃O⁺ is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

Carboxylic acids get reduced to primary alcohols when treated with LiAlH₄.

To predict:

The product produced when p-methylbenzoic acid is treated with LiAlH₄ and then with H₃O⁺.

Interpretation Introduction

b) N-Bromosuccinimide in CCl₄

Interpretation:

The product produced when p-methylbenzoic acid is treated with N-bromosuccinimide in CCl₄ is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

N-bromosuccinimide in CCl₄ is used for introducing a Br in the benzyl carbon.

To predict:

The product produced when p-methylbenzoic acid is treated with N-bromosuccinimide in CCl₄.

Interpretation Introduction

c) CH₃MgBr in ether, then H₃O⁺

Interpretation:

The product produced when p-methylbenzoic acid is treated with CH₃MgBr and then with H₃O⁺ is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

Grignard reagents will react with the carboxyl hydrogen to yield alkanes.

To predict:

The product produced when p-methylbenzoic acid is treated with CH₃MgBr and then with H₃O⁺.

Interpretation Introduction

d) KMnO₄, H₃O⁺

Interpretation:

The product produced when p-methylbenzoic acid is treated with KMnO₄ in the presence of H₃O⁺ is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

When treated with KMnO₄ in the presence of H₃O⁺, the side chain in aromatic compounds is oxidized to carboxyl group.

To predict:

The product produced when p-methylbenzoic acid is treated with KMnO₄ in the presence of H₃O⁺.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 5

Chapter 20.SE, Problem 47AP

Interpretation Introduction

a) LiAlH₄, then H₃O⁺

Interpretation:

The product produced when p-methylbenzoic acid is treated with LiAlH₄ and then with H₃O⁺ is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

Carboxylic acids get reduced to primary alcohols when treated with LiAlH₄.

To predict:

The product produced when p-methylbenzoic acid is treated with LiAlH₄ and then with H₃O⁺.

Interpretation Introduction

b) N-Bromosuccinimide in CCl₄

Interpretation:

The product produced when p-methylbenzoic acid is treated with N-bromosuccinimide in CCl₄ is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

N-bromosuccinimide in CCl₄ is used for introducing a Br in the benzyl carbon.

To predict:

The product produced when p-methylbenzoic acid is treated with N-bromosuccinimide in CCl₄.

Interpretation Introduction

c) CH₃MgBr in ether, then H₃O⁺

Interpretation:

The product produced when p-methylbenzoic acid is treated with CH₃MgBr and then with H₃O⁺ is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

Grignard reagents will react with the carboxyl hydrogen to yield alkanes.

To predict:

The product produced when p-methylbenzoic acid is treated with CH₃MgBr and then with H₃O⁺.

Interpretation Introduction

d) KMnO₄, H₃O⁺

Interpretation:

The product produced when p-methylbenzoic acid is treated with KMnO₄ in the presence of H₃O⁺ is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

When treated with KMnO₄ in the presence of H₃O⁺, the side chain in aromatic compounds is oxidized to carboxyl group.

To predict:

The product produced when p-methylbenzoic acid is treated with KMnO₄ in the presence of H₃O⁺.

Answer 6

Chapter 20.SE, Problem 47AP

Interpretation Introduction

a) LiAlH₄, then H₃O⁺

Interpretation:

The product produced when p-methylbenzoic acid is treated with LiAlH₄ and then with H₃O⁺ is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

Carboxylic acids get reduced to primary alcohols when treated with LiAlH₄.

To predict:

The product produced when p-methylbenzoic acid is treated with LiAlH₄ and then with H₃O⁺.

Answer 7

Chapter 20.SE, Problem 47AP

Interpretation Introduction

a) LiAlH₄, then H₃O⁺

Interpretation:

The product produced when p-methylbenzoic acid is treated with LiAlH₄ and then with H₃O⁺ is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

Carboxylic acids get reduced to primary alcohols when treated with LiAlH₄.

To predict:

The product produced when p-methylbenzoic acid is treated with LiAlH₄ and then with H₃O⁺.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

b) N-Bromosuccinimide in CCl₄

Interpretation:

The product produced when p-methylbenzoic acid is treated with N-bromosuccinimide in CCl₄ is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

N-bromosuccinimide in CCl₄ is used for introducing a Br in the benzyl carbon.

To predict:

The product produced when p-methylbenzoic acid is treated with N-bromosuccinimide in CCl₄.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

b) N-Bromosuccinimide in CCl₄

Interpretation:

The product produced when p-methylbenzoic acid is treated with N-bromosuccinimide in CCl₄ is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

N-bromosuccinimide in CCl₄ is used for introducing a Br in the benzyl carbon.

To predict:

The product produced when p-methylbenzoic acid is treated with N-bromosuccinimide in CCl₄.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

c) CH₃MgBr in ether, then H₃O⁺

Interpretation:

The product produced when p-methylbenzoic acid is treated with CH₃MgBr and then with H₃O⁺ is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

Grignard reagents will react with the carboxyl hydrogen to yield alkanes.

To predict:

The product produced when p-methylbenzoic acid is treated with CH₃MgBr and then with H₃O⁺.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

c) CH₃MgBr in ether, then H₃O⁺

Interpretation:

The product produced when p-methylbenzoic acid is treated with CH₃MgBr and then with H₃O⁺ is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

Grignard reagents will react with the carboxyl hydrogen to yield alkanes.

To predict:

The product produced when p-methylbenzoic acid is treated with CH₃MgBr and then with H₃O⁺.

Answer 12

Interpretation Introduction

d) KMnO₄, H₃O⁺

Interpretation:

The product produced when p-methylbenzoic acid is treated with KMnO₄ in the presence of H₃O⁺ is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

When treated with KMnO₄ in the presence of H₃O⁺, the side chain in aromatic compounds is oxidized to carboxyl group.

To predict:

The product produced when p-methylbenzoic acid is treated with KMnO₄ in the presence of H₃O⁺.

Answer 13

Interpretation Introduction

d) KMnO₄, H₃O⁺

Interpretation:

The product produced when p-methylbenzoic acid is treated with KMnO₄ in the presence of H₃O⁺ is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

When treated with KMnO₄ in the presence of H₃O⁺, the side chain in aromatic compounds is oxidized to carboxyl group.

To predict:

The product produced when p-methylbenzoic acid is treated with KMnO₄ in the presence of H₃O⁺.

Answer 14

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Answer 25

Ch. 20.1 - Give IUPAC names for the following compounds:Ch. 20.1 - Draw structures corresponding to the following...Ch. 20.2 - Prob. 3P Ch. 20.2 - The Ka for dichloroacetic acid is 3.32 Ă— 10-2....Ch. 20.3 - Calculate the percentages of dissociated and...Ch. 20.4 - Which would you expect to be a stronger acid, the...Ch. 20.4 - Dicarboxylic acids have two dissociation...Ch. 20.4 - The pKa of p-cyclopropylbenzoic acid is 4.45. Is...Ch. 20.4 - Prob. 9P Ch. 20.5 - Prob. 10P

Chapter 20 Solutions