Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach (8th Edition)
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780134605197
Author: Dee Unglaub Silverthorn
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 20.2, Problem 7CC
Summary Introduction
To determine: The reason for people prescribed on loop diuretic has increased the consumption of potassium in their diet.
Introduction: Diuretics are also called “water pill.” These facilitate kidney to excrete unused water and salts from the body. Diuretics help the heart to pump blood efficiently. These are prescribed to patients having a heart and kidney disorder.
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Chapter 20 Solutions
Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach (8th Edition)
Ch. 20.2 - Does the apical membrane of a collecting duct cell...Ch. 20.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 20.2 - A scientist monitoring the activity of...Ch. 20.2 - If vasopressin increases water reabsorption by the...Ch. 20.2 - Experiments suggest that there are peripheral...Ch. 20.2 - Prob. 6CCCh. 20.2 - Prob. 7CCCh. 20.3 - In Figure 20.9b, what forces cause Na+ and K+ to...Ch. 20.3 - Prob. 9CCCh. 20.3 - Laboratory values for ions may be reported as...
Ch. 20.3 - A man comes to the doctor with high blood...Ch. 20.3 - Map the pathways through which elevated renin...Ch. 20.3 - Why is it more efficient to put ACE in the...Ch. 20.5 - Incorporate the thirst reflex into Figure 20.8.Ch. 20.6 - Map the pathway that begins with renal artery...Ch. 20.7 - CO2+H2OH++HCO3(6) In equation 6, the amount of...Ch. 20.7 - Why is ATP required for H+ secretion by the H+-K+...Ch. 20.7 - In hypokalemia, the intercalated cells of the...Ch. 20 - What is an electrolyte? Name five electrolytes...Ch. 20 - Prob. 2RQCh. 20 - Prob. 3RQCh. 20 - List the receptors that regulate osmolarity, blood...Ch. 20 - How do the two limbs of the loop of Henle differ...Ch. 20 - Prob. 6RQCh. 20 - Prob. 7RQCh. 20 - Prob. 8RQCh. 20 - Write out the words for the following...Ch. 20 - Prob. 10RQCh. 20 - Prob. 11RQCh. 20 - Prob. 12RQCh. 20 - Prob. 13RQCh. 20 - Prob. 14RQCh. 20 - Prob. 15RQCh. 20 - When ventilation increases, what happens to...Ch. 20 - Prob. 17RQCh. 20 - Figures 20.15 and 20.18a show the respiratory and...Ch. 20 - Explain how the loop of Henle and vasa recta work...Ch. 20 - Prob. 20RQCh. 20 - Prob. 21RQCh. 20 - Name the four main compensatory mechanisms for...Ch. 20 - Prob. 23RQCh. 20 - Compare and contrast the terms in each set: a....Ch. 20 - Prob. 25RQCh. 20 - Prob. 26RQCh. 20 - Prob. 27RQCh. 20 - Hannah, a 31-year-old woman, decided to have...Ch. 20 - Prob. 29RQCh. 20 - Prob. 30RQCh. 20 - The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation is a...Ch. 20 - Hyperglycemia in a diabetic patient leads to...Ch. 20 - Osmotic diuresis refers to the loss of additional...
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- Renin is secreted in response to hypovolemia or to an increase in the osmolality of the blood. Provide three possible mechanisms by which these conditions may stimulate rennin secretion. What are the consequences of increased rennin secretion that lead to increased aldosterone secretion? Present this sequence of events. Why are angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) used as a common therapy for hypertension? How do they influence blood pressure? Are plasma levels of renin elevated or depressed in a patient with Conn’s disease? Why?arrow_forwardthere is a known cause of high blood pressure that occurs because of a reduced fluid flow that triggers RAAS and Na+ reaborption with increased blood volume and pressure. what is it?arrow_forwardAngiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) is produced by endothelial cells throughout the body, but the majority is produced in the lungs. Some pulmonary disorders actually lead to an increase in ACE production. Consider what the consequences of this might be both directly on sodium balance, and indirectly on water balance. Select all that apply. Positive sodium balance O Negative sodium balance U Increased blood volume Decreased blood volume Increased MAP O Decreased MAP O Increased GFR Decreased GFR O Increased vasopressin release O Decreased vasopressin releasearrow_forward
- The Na+-glucose transporters SGLT2 and SGLT1 are located at different levels of the kidney proximal tubule to minimize spillover of the glucose into the urine (See diagram attached) a) Consider the Na+-glucose coupling ratios for SGLT2 and SGLT1. Why would localization of SGLT2 in the early proximal tubule and SGLT1 in the late proximal tubule be advantageous? b) The Michaelis constant (Km) for the SGLT2 and SGLT1 transporters are 2 mM and 0.5 mM, respectively. Is SGLT2 or SGLT1 the higher affinity Na+-glucose transporter? d) Dapagliflozin is an SGLT1 inhibitor and commonly prescribed to treat type 2 diabetes. Why would this be of benefit to a diabetes patient?arrow_forwardTo compensate for a change in pH due to hyperventilation which of the following will occur 1. proximal convoluted tubular cells will decrease H+ secretion and HCO3- reabsorption 2. distal convoluted tubular cells will increase HCO3- reabosorption 3. intercalated A cells will decrease H+ secretion and HCO3- reabsorption 4. intercalated B cells will increase H+ secretion and HCO3- reabsorption 5. intercalated A cells will increase HCO3- secretion 6. intercalated B cells will increase HCO3- reabsorption choose from the following: (A) 1, 2, 3, and 6 (B) 2 and 5 (C) 1 and 3 (D) 6 onlyarrow_forwardNearly all renal diseases result in hypertension. In fact, some clinicians have a 'rule' that states "unexplained hypertension is always a result of a problem with the kidneys until proven otherwise". Briefly explain why hypertension occurs in renal disease.arrow_forward
- One type of diuretic given to people with high blood pressure, renal disease and congestive heart failure are thiazide-type diuretics. These drugs inhibit sodium ion reabsorption by inhibiting the transport in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle. A) What does it mean to inhibit the transport of sodium ions in the loop of Henle? B) Explain how this inhibition of sodium ions in the loop of Henle could help increase urine production.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is correct about chloride reabsorption from the loop of Henle? Group of answer choices A. Cl– is reabsorbed to the blood through the channels in the basolateral cell membrane of the thick segment of loop of Henle B. Cl– is reabsorbed through Na–K–2Cl cotransporter in the basolateral membrane of the thick segment of loop of Henle C. Cl– is reabsorbed through chloride/bicarbonate cotransporters D. Some Chloride is allowed through the Para cellular gaps E. Both A and B are correctarrow_forwardHow does moderate to severe COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) often lead to chronic respiratory acidosis? How might the kidneys compensate for this i.e explain at least 2 mechanisms which the kidney may use to do so - be sure to include hormones, cells involved. If the H+/K+ ATPase is brought into service, how would the plasma K+ concentration be affected? Lastly, how would activation of H+/K+ ATPase counteract or synergize with the actions of aldosterone?arrow_forward
- In a person with diabetes mellitus, what would be causing polyuria? Glucose has saturated the secondary active transporters in the PCT that move glucose into the cells, increasing the concentration gradient between the filtrate and the ISF or Glucose has saturated the secondary active transporters in the PCT that move glucose into the cells, reducing the concentration gradient between the filtrate and the ISFarrow_forwardAn increased erythropoietin (EPO) output by the kidneys would lead to all of the following except Increased blood osmolarity Increased RBC production Increased blood viscosity Increased hypoxemia Increased hematocritarrow_forwardWhich of the following is an effect of ADH interaction with the vasopressin receptor? Answers A - D A Increased expression of Na+/K+-ATPase on the basolateral membrane of the distal segments Increased expression of ENAC on the apical membrane of the distal segments Increased expression of aquaporin 2 on the apical membrane of collecting duct cells Increased expression of aquaporin 3 on the basolateral membrane of collecting duct cellsarrow_forward
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