Conceptual Physical Science (6th Edition)
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780134060491
Author: Paul G. Hewitt, John A. Suchocki, Leslie A. Hewitt
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 20, Problem 92E
Can metamorphic rocks exist on an island of purely volcanic origin? Defend your answer.
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What are the four processes involving expansion and contraction that contribute to rock weathering?
My question is in the picture.
Suppose a team of scientists is studying the formation of an island chain generated by four extinct volcanoes. To determine when
each volcano became extinct, the scientists calculated the age of the youngest layer of igneous rocks on each island. After a
recent research trip, the identifying tag of a sample rock was lost. The scientists ask you to help identify the sample rock's
parent volcano.
The scientists give you some information.
1) The initial ratio of strontium-87 to strontium-86 in the rock was 0.7129.
2) The decay constant, 1, for rubidium-87 is 1.42 x 10-1!.
3) The current isotope concentrations in the rock are 8" Sr = 126 ppm, 8'Rb = 218 ppm, and 8ºSr = 175 ppm.
%3D
Use the isochron equation to calculate the approximate age of the mystery rock.
87.
Sto +
87
Sr
[edr – 1]
86
Sr,
86
86
Where possible, retain at least four significant figures throughout your calculations, and round your final answer to the nearest
100 million years.
million years
t =
Chapter 20 Solutions
Conceptual Physical Science (6th Edition)
Ch. 20 - How did density segregation contribute to Earth's...Ch. 20 - What three sources of heat contributed to the...Ch. 20 - What is the most abundant element for Earth as a...Ch. 20 - Prob. 4RCQCh. 20 - What is a mineral?Ch. 20 - What does inorganic in the definition of mineral?Ch. 20 - What physical properties are used to identify...Ch. 20 - Most mineral samples do not display their crystal...Ch. 20 - What is a polymorph?Ch. 20 - What is the difference between a silicate mineral...
Ch. 20 - Silicate minerals are subdivided into...Ch. 20 - What is the most abundant mineral in Earth's...Ch. 20 - Prob. 13RCQCh. 20 - What are two sources from which minerals...Ch. 20 - As minerals crystallize in cooling magma, which...Ch. 20 - When water evaporates from a body of water, what...Ch. 20 - Name the three major types of rocks and describe...Ch. 20 - What are the most common igneous rocks, and where...Ch. 20 - What is meant by partial melting?Ch. 20 - With respect to the silica content of the parent...Ch. 20 - What is the primary determining factor for a...Ch. 20 - In Earths interior, does temperature or decrease...Ch. 20 - Prob. 23RCQCh. 20 - What is a clastic sedimentary rock?Ch. 20 - What are the three most common clastic sedimentary...Ch. 20 - What is the most abundant carbonate rock?Ch. 20 - How are most carbonate rocks formed?Ch. 20 - What is metamorphism? What causes it?Ch. 20 - Distinguish between foliated and nonfoliated...Ch. 20 - In contact metamorphism, water-rich, low-melting...Ch. 20 - Gold has a density of 19.3 g/cm3. A 5-gal pail of...Ch. 20 - Prob. 37TASCh. 20 - Other than location, what is the primary...Ch. 20 - What do we call minerals that have the same...Ch. 20 - The factors that influence bond strength influence...Ch. 20 - Why is color not always the best way to identify a...Ch. 20 - While you are hiking in the wilderness, you find a...Ch. 20 - What makes gold so soft (easily scratched) while...Ch. 20 - Imagine that we have a liquid with a density of...Ch. 20 - Is cleavage the same thing as crystal form? Why or...Ch. 20 - For identifying metallic minerals, why is streak...Ch. 20 - How are minerals classified?Ch. 20 - Silicon is essential for the computer industry in...Ch. 20 - What two minerals make up most of the sand in the...Ch. 20 - What two mineral groups provide most of the ore...Ch. 20 - How are ferromagnesian silicates different from...Ch. 20 - What is an ore?Ch. 20 - If a rock contains mineral A (30% silica) and...Ch. 20 - If a rock contains mineral A (30% silica) and...Ch. 20 - If a magma contains molten forms of mineral A (30%...Ch. 20 - If a magma contains molten forms of mineral A (30%...Ch. 20 - If high-silica minerals are the last to...Ch. 20 - Which of these is a true statement about silicate...Ch. 20 - If a magma contains molten forms of quartz and...Ch. 20 - Are high-silica content minerals "easier" to melt...Ch. 20 - Prob. 71ECh. 20 - If a rock contains both quartz and pyroxene (a...Ch. 20 - Why is halite commonly the last mineral to...Ch. 20 - Is Earth's interior mostly magma? Explain.Ch. 20 - In which parts of Earth's crust (oceanic and/or...Ch. 20 - Are the Hawaiian Islands made up primarily of...Ch. 20 - Why does magma composition change as it cools?Ch. 20 - Is it possible for crystallization to enrich magma...Ch. 20 - Where does most magma originate?Ch. 20 - Prob. 80ECh. 20 - Prob. 81ECh. 20 - How do chemical sediments produce rock? Name two...Ch. 20 - Relate the shape and sorting of sand particles to...Ch. 20 - What general rock feature does a geologist look...Ch. 20 - What feature of clastic sedimentary rock enables...Ch. 20 - Prob. 86ECh. 20 - In what two ways does sediment turn into...Ch. 20 - In a conglomerate rock, why are pebbles of granite...Ch. 20 - Cite two examples of sedimentary rocks that...Ch. 20 - Prob. 90ECh. 20 - Prob. 91ECh. 20 - Can metamorphic rocks exist on an island of purely...Ch. 20 - What patterns of alteration are characteristic of...Ch. 20 - What are the two processes by which rock is...Ch. 20 - What properties of slate make it good roofing...Ch. 20 - Name two mica minerals that can give a metamorphic...Ch. 20 - How is foliation different from sedimentary...Ch. 20 - Why do we find folded and fractured rock layers in...Ch. 20 - What feature helps distinguish schist and gneiss...Ch. 20 - How does gneiss differ from granite?Ch. 20 - Why is schist so easily recognized?Ch. 20 - Which type(s) of rock is (are) made from...Ch. 20 - Which type(s) of rock is (are) made from...Ch. 20 - What is the difference between the minerals that...Ch. 20 - If the volcanic glass obsidian is not considered a...Ch. 20 - We have learned that silica content is a key...Ch. 20 - Which type of rock is most sought by petroleum...Ch. 20 - Prob. 107DQCh. 20 - The silicates are the largest mineral group...Ch. 20 - Compaction and cementation of sediments leads to...Ch. 20 - Why are silicon and oxygen concentrated near...Ch. 20 - Which minerals crystallize first from cooling...Ch. 20 - Prob. 5RATCh. 20 - In a sedimentary rock, the degree of particle...Ch. 20 - The characteristics of regional metamorphism...Ch. 20 - Prob. 8RATCh. 20 - What most strongly influences a minerals hardness?...Ch. 20 - Prob. 10RAT
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- KEY TERMS 1. mineral (22.1) 2. silicates 3. Mohs scale 4. cleavage 5. rock (22.2) 6. igneous rocks 7. sedimentary rocks 8. metamorphic rocks 9. uniformitarianism 10. rock cycle 11. magma (22.3) 12. lava 13. plutons (22.4) 14. pyroclastics (tephra) 15. viscosity 16. caldera 17. sediment (22.5) 18. lithification 19. bedding 20. metamorphism (22.6) 21. contact metamorphism 22. shear metamorphism 23. regional metamorphism 24. foliation 25. hydrothermal metamorphism For each of the following items, fill in the number of the appropriate Key Term from the preceding list. b. _____ The internal property of a substance that offers resistance to flowarrow_forwardKEY TERMS 1. mineral (22.1) 2. silicates 3. Mohs scale 4. cleavage 5. rock (22.2) 6. igneous rocks 7. sedimentary rocks 8. metamorphic rocks 9. uniformitarianism 10. rock cycle 11. magma (22.3) 12. lava 13. plutons (22.4) 14. pyroclastics (tephra) 15. viscosity 16. caldera 17. sediment (22.5) 18. lithification 19. bedding 20. metamorphism (22.6) 21. contact metamorphism 22. shear metamorphism 23. regional metamorphism 24. foliation 25. hydrothermal metamorphism For each of the following items, fill in the number of the appropriate Key Term from the preceding list. f. _____ The basic understanding that ancient rocks were formed in the same way as modern rocksarrow_forwardThe average density of Earth is about 5.5 g/ cm? Considering that the densities of the surface rocks are much less than the average, what does this suggest about the density of Earth's interior?arrow_forward
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