Brock Biology of Microorganisms (14th Edition)
14th Edition
ISBN: 9780321897398
Author: Michael T. Madigan, John M. Martinko, Kelly S. Bender, Daniel H. Buckley, David A. Stahl, Thomas Brock
Publisher: PEARSON
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Question
Chapter 20, Problem 5RQ
Summary Introduction
Iron-oxidizing chemolithotrophs are bacteria which obtain their energy from the oxidation of inorganic iron. These bacteria use molecular oxygen as an electron acceptor for carrying out oxidation of iron.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
roblem 1An aerobic biochemical process uses a CSTR w/o recycle. The feed characteristics are asfollows: Influent substrate concentration, So = 200 mg/L; half- velocity coefficient, Ks = 50mg/L; maximum, specific substrate utilization rate, k = 5 g/g- day; yield coefficient, Y = 0.5g Xa/g substrate consumed; microorganism decay coefficient, b = 0.10 day-1.1. The process goal is the production of active biomass. Determine the hydraulicretention time that the reactor should be operated in order to maximize the reactoractive biomass concentration (Xa). How does this retention time compare with theminimum solids retention time that the system can theoretically be operated?Calculate the solids retention time safety factor.2. Based on the solids retention time for maximum Xa calculated above, estimate theactive biomass concentration (Xa) and the substrate removal efficiency (E, %)
Outline the steps involved in the two paths of sulfate assimilation. Be sure to address the sulfur reduction pathway as a photoassimilation process.
explain why there is little to no growth of these organisms in the minimal salt media with glucose compared to the complex media. (HINT: these organisms are chemoheterotrophs and need an organic source of broth carbon and energy)...
Chapter 20 Solutions
Brock Biology of Microorganisms (14th Edition)
Ch. 20.1 - How is new organic matter made in nature?Ch. 20.1 - In what ways are oxygenic photosynthesis and...Ch. 20.1 - What is a methane hydrate?Ch. 20.2 - Why does Syntrophomonas need a partner organism in...Ch. 20.2 - Prob. 2MQCh. 20.2 - What is the final product of acetogenesis?Ch. 20.3 - What is nitrogen fixation and why is it important...Ch. 20.3 - Prob. 2MQCh. 20.3 - How does the compound nitrapyrin benefit both...Ch. 20.4 - Is H2S a substrate or a product of the...
Ch. 20.4 - Prob. 2MQCh. 20.4 - Prob. 3MQCh. 20.5 - In what oxidation state is Fe in Fe(OH)3? In FeS?...Ch. 20.5 - Prob. 2MQCh. 20.5 - Why is excreted organic matter important to many...Ch. 20.6 - How does the formation of CaCO3 skeletons by...Ch. 20.6 - Prob. 2MQCh. 20.7 - What forms of mercury are most toxic to organisms?Ch. 20.7 - Prob. 2MQCh. 20.8 - What is the greenhouse effect and what causes it?Ch. 20.8 - What is the fate of most nitrogen used in...Ch. 20.8 - Why are the OMZs expanding and what are the likely...Ch. 20 - Prob. 1RQCh. 20 - Prob. 2RQCh. 20 - The principal form of nitrogen on Earth is N2,...Ch. 20 - Prob. 4RQCh. 20 - Prob. 5RQCh. 20 - Prob. 6RQCh. 20 - Prob. 7RQCh. 20 - Prob. 8RQCh. 20 - Compare and contrast the carbon, sulfur, and...Ch. 20 - 14C-labeled cellulose is added to a vial...Ch. 20 - Prob. 3AQ
Knowledge Booster
Similar questions
- Why are most iron-oxidizing chemolithotrophsobligate aerobes, and why are the better-studied ironoxidizers acidophilic?arrow_forwardSelect the pathways ahead that are exclusively performed by bacteria: -Disproportionation of thiosulfate -Metanogenesis -Photossyntesis -Desulfurylation -Methanotrophy -Ammonification -Nitrification -Denitrification -Methylotrphy -Assimilatory sulfate reduction -Dissimilatory sulfate reduction -Ammonium asimilation -Cemolithotrophic CO2 reduction -ANAMOX -Respiration -Nitrate assimilation -Dissimilatory Nitrate Reduction to Ammonium -Atmospheric Nitrogen fixation -Elemental sulfur aerobic oxidationarrow_forwardClasify the microorganisms according to their O2 requirements Clasifica los microorganismos de acuerdo a sus requisitos de 02 A B C anaerobio aerotolerant aerobic D microaerophile anaerobic facultative anaerobe Earrow_forward
- 1(a)What is a psychrotroph? (b)From what natural sources would you isolate a thermophile? A psychrophile? (C)How does temperature affect the growth of a microorganism? (D)State the temperature class for Escherichia coli, Bacillus sp, Aeromonas sp, Micrococcus luteus, and suggest their optimum growth temperature. 2 (a)Why is dilution important when determining microbe number? (B)How does a decrease in dye colour intensity affect the microbe ? (C)State the possible sources of error if plate counts and colour intensity of dilutions are incorrect or Precautions taken to prevent this from happening. ( this is not a graded assignment)arrow_forwardIron bacteria, sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, and nitrifying bacteria, which all oxidize inorganic compounds through a series of chemical reactions, are best described as O 1) photoheterotrophs 2) chemoheterotrophs O 3) chemolithotrophs. O 4) photoautotrophs 5) chemoautotrophs.arrow_forwardPlease don't provide handwriting solutionarrow_forward
- Two microorganisms that use naphthalene as a food source have the same Umax but different Ks values for naphthalene. If both types of microorganisms are inoculated at the same cell density into a liquid culture containing naphthalene as the sole carbon source (i.e. the only food source), which microorganism will outcompete the other: the one with the higher Ks or the one with the lower Ks. Why?.arrow_forwardDiscuss the following statement: ‘Microbial metabolisms are coupled acrossthe anoxic-oxic interface in several environments.’ Draw on at least threespecific examples to support your arguments.arrow_forwardIt is required to recover active extracellular enzymes from a completed fermentation mediumthat also consists of proteins (<200,000 molecular weight cut-off (MWCO)) and bacterial cells (1-2μm). A cross-flow 0.35 μm microfiltration (MF) with retentate recycled back to the fermenter willbe used over a period of 5 hours during which time flux is assumed to decline linearly. After 5 hours, assuming 95% of the bacteria are retained and given the additionalinformation below, what is the concertation of bacteria remaining in the fermenter and what area,in m2 , of MF membrane is needed? Initial bacterial concentration = 1.2 gdcw /L (dcw = dry cell weight)Volume of medium at the beginning = 15 m3Volume of medium left in the fermenter after 5 hours filtering = 1 m3Initial (starting flux) = 6.5 x 10-5 m sec -1Final flux (after 5 hours of filtering) = 3.9 x 10-5 m sec -arrow_forward
- Trace the fate of the N atom during dissimilatory nitrate reduction, nitrification, denitrification, and the anammox reaction, and indicate whether each must occur in an oxic or anoxic environmentarrow_forwardIf two cultures of a facultative anaerobe were grown under identical conditions except that one was exposed to oxygen and the other was completely deprived of oxygen, what differences would you expect to see between the two cultures? (What metabolic pathway would be occurring in each? Why?)arrow_forwardDefine obligate aerobe, facultative anaerobe and obligate anaerobe. Describe the enzymes and their functions for oxygen detoxification?arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)BiologyISBN:9780134580999Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. HoehnPublisher:PEARSON
Biology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStax
Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781259398629Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa StouterPublisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)BiologyISBN:9780815344322Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter WalterPublisher:W. W. Norton & Company
Laboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781260159363Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, CynthiaPublisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.
Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)BiologyISBN:9781260231700Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael WindelspechtPublisher:McGraw Hill Education
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:PEARSON
Biology 2e
Biology
ISBN:9781947172517
Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher:OpenStax
Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:9781259398629
Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa Stouter
Publisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9780815344322
Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter Walter
Publisher:W. W. Norton & Company
Laboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:9781260159363
Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, Cynthia
Publisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.
Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9781260231700
Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael Windelspecht
Publisher:McGraw Hill Education