Brock Biology of Microorganisms (14th Edition)
14th Edition
ISBN: 9780321897398
Author: Michael T. Madigan, John M. Martinko, Kelly S. Bender, Daniel H. Buckley, David A. Stahl, Thomas Brock
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 20.3, Problem 1MQ
What is nitrogen fixation and why is it important to the nitrogen cycle?
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Why are nitrogen-fixing bacteria ecologically important? Why are humans interested in nitrogen-fixing bacteria? (Economic applications?)
How do the nitrogen fixers help in fixing Nitrogen for the plant?
Regarding nitrogen fixation, are the following statements True or False?
a) Atmospheric nitrogen is reduced to the biologically useful form NH3 (or NH4 ).
b) Nitrogen fixation in nature and in the lab requires a metal cofactor or catalyst.
c) The availability of fixed nitrogen limits biological productivity.
d) Ammonium from the atmosphere is fixed to more usable forms of nitrogen, such as nitrite (NO2–).
e) Nitrogen fixation is energetically neutral, using a negligible amount of ATP.
f) The enzyme nitrogenase, which takes part in nitrogen fixation, is inactivated by oxygen.
Chapter 20 Solutions
Brock Biology of Microorganisms (14th Edition)
Ch. 20.1 - How is new organic matter made in nature?Ch. 20.1 - In what ways are oxygenic photosynthesis and...Ch. 20.1 - What is a methane hydrate?Ch. 20.2 - Why does Syntrophomonas need a partner organism in...Ch. 20.2 - Prob. 2MQCh. 20.2 - What is the final product of acetogenesis?Ch. 20.3 - What is nitrogen fixation and why is it important...Ch. 20.3 - Prob. 2MQCh. 20.3 - How does the compound nitrapyrin benefit both...Ch. 20.4 - Is H2S a substrate or a product of the...
Ch. 20.4 - Prob. 2MQCh. 20.4 - Prob. 3MQCh. 20.5 - In what oxidation state is Fe in Fe(OH)3? In FeS?...Ch. 20.5 - Prob. 2MQCh. 20.5 - Why is excreted organic matter important to many...Ch. 20.6 - How does the formation of CaCO3 skeletons by...Ch. 20.6 - Prob. 2MQCh. 20.7 - What forms of mercury are most toxic to organisms?Ch. 20.7 - Prob. 2MQCh. 20.8 - What is the greenhouse effect and what causes it?Ch. 20.8 - What is the fate of most nitrogen used in...Ch. 20.8 - Why are the OMZs expanding and what are the likely...Ch. 20 - Prob. 1RQCh. 20 - Prob. 2RQCh. 20 - The principal form of nitrogen on Earth is N2,...Ch. 20 - Prob. 4RQCh. 20 - Prob. 5RQCh. 20 - Prob. 6RQCh. 20 - Prob. 7RQCh. 20 - Prob. 8RQCh. 20 - Compare and contrast the carbon, sulfur, and...Ch. 20 - 14C-labeled cellulose is added to a vial...Ch. 20 - Prob. 3AQ
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- Describe nitrogen fixation and why it is important to agriculture.arrow_forwardWhy must nitrogen fixation occur in an anoxic (i.e., oxygen-free) environment? a)Because H2 is an additional product of nitrogen fixation, and the combination of H2 and O2 would cause the cell to combust. b)Oxygen poisons the dinitrogenase enzyme by entering the FeMo cluster c)Oxygen competes as an electron acceptor in the ETC, so electrons cannot be passed to N2. d)Oxygen "steals" electrons from the dinitrogenase reductase, producing free radicals.arrow_forwardWhat are the key ecological roles of nitrifying bacteria in the nitrogen cycle?arrow_forward
- Organic forms of nitrogen are converted to inorganic forms via what process? a)photosynthesis b)consumption c)nitrogen fixation d)decompositionarrow_forwardAt which point in the sulfur cycle does sulfur enter the food chain?arrow_forward“The mechanistic complexity of nitrogenase is necessary because nitrogen fixation is a thermodynamically unfavorable process.” True or false? Explainarrow_forward
- Biofuels offer an attractive alternative to fuel, but there are concerns about the resources and logistics of producing mass amounts of corn. Which organism is being considered as an alternative source of biofuel? A) cyanobacteria B) Escherichia coli C) yeast D) algaearrow_forwardTrace the route of the nutrients NH,", NO, and PO,² carried by river runoff to a seagrass ecosystem. Indicate the specific process involved (e.g., nitrification, denitrification, etc.) and the chemical form (e.g., NH,", NO,", etc) at each step of transformation. Write your (short) answers in the numbered blanks below each illustration.arrow_forward34) What is the name of the process in which alternative energy is produced using microorganisms? 35) What is the name of the process that uses GMO to clean the environment? 36) What is whey?arrow_forward
- Only select prokaryotic organisms can harvest energy from food by oxidative phosphorylation, but can do this in the absence of oxygen. These organisms are using: a) Aerobic respiration b) Carbon fixation c) Fermentation d) Anaerobic respiration e) Photophosphorylationarrow_forwardBriefly describe the biogeochemical cycle for phosphorus . What organic macromolecules contain phosphorus/why is phosphorus important for living things ? What organs & tissues have an abundance of phosphorus?arrow_forwardGive examples of free-living and symbiotic nitrogen-fixing microorganisms. Are these prokaryotic or eukaryotic?arrow_forward
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