Whether or not genetics play role in HIV infection. Concept introduction: The human immunodeficiency virus is a lentivirus which is a causative agent of AIDS. This virus attacks T-cells, that provide immunity against the infection. The decline in a number of T cells results in loss of the immunity and individual becomes susceptible to the virus. HIV enzyme, reverse transcriptase transcribes the viral genetic material RNA to DNA that can actively incorporate itself into the genetic material of the host causing AIDS.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 20, Problem 5CTQ

(a)

Summary Introduction

To discuss:

Whether or not genetics play role in HIV infection.

Concept introduction:

The human immunodeficiency virus is a lentivirus which is a causative agent of AIDS. This virus attacks T-cells, that provide immunity against the infection. The decline in a number of T cells results in loss of the immunity and individual becomes susceptible to the virus. HIV enzyme, reverse transcriptase transcribes the viral genetic material RNA to DNA that can actively incorporate itself into the genetic material of the host causing AIDS.

(b)

Summary Introduction

To provide:

Evidence in support of or refuting the following statement: An HIV-positive individual will always harbor the virus even if no viral load is detectable by PCR or other methods.

Concept introduction:

HIV (Human Immuno Virus) is a virus that can residue in the human cells without expressing its effect. It belongs to the retroviruses family and contains single-stranded RNA. HIV enzyme “reverse transcriptase” transcribes its viral genetic material, RNA into DNA so that it can actively incorporate itself into the genetic material (DNA) of the host.

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a) Calculating Transformation Efficiency For the +DNA/+Amp/+IPTG plate, record the following: Number of transformants (colonies): _________________ Nanograms of plasmid DNA added: 50 ng Final recovery volume: 0.50 mL Volume plated: 0.25 mL Transformation efficiency equation: Transformation efficiency = Number of transformants / µg of DNA x Final volume at recovery (mL)/ volume plated (mL) b) Using the equation above, calculate the transformation efficiency. c) Describe the success of the transformation efficiency of this demo based on the calculation you did above?

a) What differences would you expect to see between the -DNA/+Amp and +DNA/+Amp plates? b) Predict the growth you would expect to see on each of the following plates: – DNA ___________________________________________________________ – DNA/+Amp ______________________________________________________ +DNA/+Amp ______________________________________________________ +DNA/+Amp/+IPTG _________________________________________________

1)Which plate did you see purple/pink/blue bacterial cells? Why did you see this growth? Explain your answer in terms of transformation and plasmids? 2) Calculating Transformation Efficiency For the +DNA/+Amp/+IPTG plate, record the following: Number of transformants (colonies): _________________ Nanograms of plasmid DNA added: 50 ng Final recovery volume: 0.50 mL Volume plated: 0.25 mL Transformation efficiency equation: Transformation efficiency = Number of transformants / µg of DNA x Final volume at recovery (mL)/ volume plated (mL) 3) Using the equation above, calculate the transformation efficiency. 4) Describe the success of the transformation efficiency of this demo based on the calculation you did above?

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 20, Problem 5CTQ

(a)

Summary Introduction

To discuss:

Whether or not genetics play role in HIV infection.

Concept introduction:

The human immunodeficiency virus is a lentivirus which is a causative agent of AIDS. This virus attacks T-cells, that provide immunity against the infection. The decline in a number of T cells results in loss of the immunity and individual becomes susceptible to the virus. HIV enzyme, reverse transcriptase transcribes the viral genetic material RNA to DNA that can actively incorporate itself into the genetic material of the host causing AIDS.

(b)

Summary Introduction

To provide:

Evidence in support of or refuting the following statement: An HIV-positive individual will always harbor the virus even if no viral load is detectable by PCR or other methods.

Concept introduction:

HIV (Human Immuno Virus) is a virus that can residue in the human cells without expressing its effect. It belongs to the retroviruses family and contains single-stranded RNA. HIV enzyme “reverse transcriptase” transcribes its viral genetic material, RNA into DNA so that it can actively incorporate itself into the genetic material (DNA) of the host.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 20, Problem 5CTQ

(a)

Summary Introduction

To discuss:

Whether or not genetics play role in HIV infection.

Concept introduction:

The human immunodeficiency virus is a lentivirus which is a causative agent of AIDS. This virus attacks T-cells, that provide immunity against the infection. The decline in a number of T cells results in loss of the immunity and individual becomes susceptible to the virus. HIV enzyme, reverse transcriptase transcribes the viral genetic material RNA to DNA that can actively incorporate itself into the genetic material of the host causing AIDS.

(b)

Summary Introduction

To provide:

Evidence in support of or refuting the following statement: An HIV-positive individual will always harbor the virus even if no viral load is detectable by PCR or other methods.

Concept introduction:

HIV (Human Immuno Virus) is a virus that can residue in the human cells without expressing its effect. It belongs to the retroviruses family and contains single-stranded RNA. HIV enzyme “reverse transcriptase” transcribes its viral genetic material, RNA into DNA so that it can actively incorporate itself into the genetic material (DNA) of the host.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 20, Problem 5CTQ

(a)

Summary Introduction

To discuss:

Whether or not genetics play role in HIV infection.

Concept introduction:

The human immunodeficiency virus is a lentivirus which is a causative agent of AIDS. This virus attacks T-cells, that provide immunity against the infection. The decline in a number of T cells results in loss of the immunity and individual becomes susceptible to the virus. HIV enzyme, reverse transcriptase transcribes the viral genetic material RNA to DNA that can actively incorporate itself into the genetic material of the host causing AIDS.

(b)

Summary Introduction

To provide:

Evidence in support of or refuting the following statement: An HIV-positive individual will always harbor the virus even if no viral load is detectable by PCR or other methods.

Concept introduction:

HIV (Human Immuno Virus) is a virus that can residue in the human cells without expressing its effect. It belongs to the retroviruses family and contains single-stranded RNA. HIV enzyme “reverse transcriptase” transcribes its viral genetic material, RNA into DNA so that it can actively incorporate itself into the genetic material (DNA) of the host.

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Answer 5

Chapter 20, Problem 5CTQ

(a)

Summary Introduction

To discuss:

Whether or not genetics play role in HIV infection.

Concept introduction:

The human immunodeficiency virus is a lentivirus which is a causative agent of AIDS. This virus attacks T-cells, that provide immunity against the infection. The decline in a number of T cells results in loss of the immunity and individual becomes susceptible to the virus. HIV enzyme, reverse transcriptase transcribes the viral genetic material RNA to DNA that can actively incorporate itself into the genetic material of the host causing AIDS.

(b)

Summary Introduction

To provide:

Evidence in support of or refuting the following statement: An HIV-positive individual will always harbor the virus even if no viral load is detectable by PCR or other methods.

Concept introduction:

HIV (Human Immuno Virus) is a virus that can residue in the human cells without expressing its effect. It belongs to the retroviruses family and contains single-stranded RNA. HIV enzyme “reverse transcriptase” transcribes its viral genetic material, RNA into DNA so that it can actively incorporate itself into the genetic material (DNA) of the host.

Answer 6

Chapter 20, Problem 5CTQ

(a)

Summary Introduction

To discuss:

Whether or not genetics play role in HIV infection.

Concept introduction:

The human immunodeficiency virus is a lentivirus which is a causative agent of AIDS. This virus attacks T-cells, that provide immunity against the infection. The decline in a number of T cells results in loss of the immunity and individual becomes susceptible to the virus. HIV enzyme, reverse transcriptase transcribes the viral genetic material RNA to DNA that can actively incorporate itself into the genetic material of the host causing AIDS.

Answer 7

Chapter 20, Problem 5CTQ

(a)

Summary Introduction

To discuss:

Whether or not genetics play role in HIV infection.

Concept introduction:

The human immunodeficiency virus is a lentivirus which is a causative agent of AIDS. This virus attacks T-cells, that provide immunity against the infection. The decline in a number of T cells results in loss of the immunity and individual becomes susceptible to the virus. HIV enzyme, reverse transcriptase transcribes the viral genetic material RNA to DNA that can actively incorporate itself into the genetic material of the host causing AIDS.

Answer 8

(b)

Summary Introduction

To provide:

Evidence in support of or refuting the following statement: An HIV-positive individual will always harbor the virus even if no viral load is detectable by PCR or other methods.

Concept introduction:

HIV (Human Immuno Virus) is a virus that can residue in the human cells without expressing its effect. It belongs to the retroviruses family and contains single-stranded RNA. HIV enzyme “reverse transcriptase” transcribes its viral genetic material, RNA into DNA so that it can actively incorporate itself into the genetic material (DNA) of the host.

Answer 9

(b)

Summary Introduction

To provide:

Evidence in support of or refuting the following statement: An HIV-positive individual will always harbor the virus even if no viral load is detectable by PCR or other methods.

Concept introduction:

HIV (Human Immuno Virus) is a virus that can residue in the human cells without expressing its effect. It belongs to the retroviruses family and contains single-stranded RNA. HIV enzyme “reverse transcriptase” transcribes its viral genetic material, RNA into DNA so that it can actively incorporate itself into the genetic material (DNA) of the host.

Answer 10

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Answer 11

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Answer 12

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Answer 13

Ch. 20.1 - Describe the important anatomical features of the...Ch. 20.1 - List the natural defenses present in the...Ch. 20.2 - Prob. 3AYP Ch. 20.3 - Prob. 2CF Ch. 20.3 - Prob. 4AYP Ch. 20.3 - Prob. 5AYP Ch. 20.3 - Prob. 6AYP Ch. 20.3 - Prob. 7AYP Ch. 20.3 - Prob. 8AYP Ch. 20.3 - Prob. 9AYP

Solution Summary: The author explains that HIV (Human Immuno Virus) is a lentivirus that attacks T-cells that provide immunity against the infection. HIV enzyme reverse transcriptase transcribes the viral genetic material

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