Universe
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781319039448
Author: Robert Geller, Roger Freedman, William J. Kaufmann
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Chapter 20, Problem 59Q
To determine
The reason for neutrinos, from SN 1987A, arriving hours before visible light from supernova does.
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During the collapse of a supernova explosion, calculate the change in gravitational potential
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Assume that the mass of the core of a star that just went Supernova type II is $2.5 \mathrm{M}_{\odot}$ before and after the collapse, while the Radius changes from $10^3 \mathrm{~km}$, before the collapse, to 12 km , after the collapse respectively.(a) What is the change in potential energy of the core between the two stages before and after the collapse?(b) Knowing that the luminosity of the Sun is $4 \times 10^{26} \mathrm{~W}$ how many years would it take the Sun to release the same amount of energy?
Chapter 20 Solutions
Universe
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- How would the spectra of a type II supernova be different from a type Ia supernova? Hint: Consider the characteristics of the objects that are their source.arrow_forwardHow is a nova different from a type Ia supernova? How does it differ from a type II supernova?arrow_forwardA supernova can eject material at a velocity of 10,000 km/s. How long would it take a supernova remnant to expand to a radius of 1 AU? How long would it take to expand to a radius of 1 light-years? Assume that the expansion velocity remains constant and use the relationship: expansiontime=distanceexpansionvelocity .arrow_forward
- A supernova’s energy is often compared to the total energy output of the Sun over its lifetime. Using the Sun’s current luminosity, calculate the total solar energy output, assuming a 1010 year main-sequence lifetime. Using Einstein’s formula E=mc2 calculate the equivalent amount of mass, expressed in Earth masses. [Hint: The total energy output of the Sun over its lifetime is given by its current luminosity times the number of seconds in a year times its ten billion-year lifetime; ; mass of earth = 6×1024kg; c = 3×108m/s. Your answer should be 200-300 Earth masses.]arrow_forwardA supernova's energy is often compared to the total energy output of the Sun over its lifetime. Using the Sun's current luminosity, calculate the total solar energy output, assuming a 1010 year main-sequence lifetime. Using Einstein's formula E = mc? calculate the equivalent amount of mass, expressed in Earth masses. [Hint: The total energy output of the Sun over its lifetime is given by its current luminosity times the number of seconds in a year times its ten billion-year lifetime; Week 5 slide 4; mass of earth = 6x1024kg; c = 3x10®m/s. Your answer should be 200-300 Earth masses.]arrow_forwardConsider a star with more brightness at 280 pc from the Sun. Suppose this star gets exploded as a supernova at a temperature of 18000 K. The absolute bolometric magnitude of this supernova is-12.24. Calculate its diameter by assuming a sphere at maximum light. (Assume the luminosity of Sun as 3.8×1026 W, the mass of thesun as 1.9 ×1030 kg, and surface temperature of Sun as 5778 K).(a) 1.7×108 km(6) 3.5x108 km(c) 5.2x108 km(d) 6.9 x108 kmarrow_forward
- If a circular accretion disk around a 1.4 M, neutron star has a radius of 8.00 x 10° km as measured from the center of the neutron star to the edge of the disk, what is the orbital velocity (in km/s) of a gas particle located at its outer edge? (The mass of the Sun is GM 1.99 x 1030 kg. Hint: Use the circular orbit velocity formula, V. = -; make sure to express quantities in units of meters, kilograms, and seconds.) km/sarrow_forwardA supernova remnant is now 3.05 pc in radius and is expanding at 1,100 km/s. Approximately how many years ago did the supernova occur? (Note: 1pc=3.1 × 10^13 km and 1yr=3.2 × 10^7 s.)arrow_forwardIf a circular accretion disk around a 1.4 M neutron Star has a radius of 5.00 x 10^5 km as measured from the center of the neutron Star to the edge of the disk, what is the orbital velocity (in km/s) of a gas particle located at its outer edge? (The mass of the Sun is 1.99 x 10^30 kg. Hint: Use the circular orbit velocity formula, Vc = GM/R ; make sure to express quantities in units, meters, kilograms, & seconds.) ________ km/sarrow_forward
- (a)What type of supernova is most luminous in light? (b) What kind of star results in such an explosion? (c) What type of supernova is most luminous in neutrino emission? (d) What kind of star results in such an explosion?arrow_forwardTaking the distance to the Crab pulsar to be 2000 pc and the bolometric magnitude at maximum brightness of the respective type IIl supernovae explosion to be Mbol=-17, estimate the peak apparent magnitude. Compare this to the maximum brightness of Venus (m--4), which can sometimes be seen during daytime.arrow_forwardThe ring around SN 1987A (see the figures below) initially became illuminated when energetic photons from the supernova interacted with the material in the ring. The radius of the ring is approximately 0.75 light-year from the supernova location. How long (in years) after the supernova did the ring become illuminated?arrow_forward
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