Chapter 20, Problem 54P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The reason should be explained why ${\text{K}}^{\text{+}}{\text{, Na}}^{\text{+}}{\text{, Ca}}^{\text{2+}}{\text{, and Mg}}^{\text{2+}}$ do not cross biological membranes by simple diffusion.

Concept Introduction: The process by which the molecules are able to pass through the membrane without interacting with the components of the membrane is said to be simple diffusion.