Chapter 20, Problem 46PP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To Predict the major products for the given reactions.

Concept Introduction:

 ${\text{LiAlH}}_{\text{4}}$ - Lithium aluminium hydride is a reducing agent. It reduces aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids into alcohols.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To Predict the major products for the given reactions.

Concept Introduction:

Reaction with $SOC{l}_2$:

Carboxylic acid gets converted into acid chloride on reaction with ${\text{SOCl}}_{\text{2}}$.

Reaction with excess dimethylamine:

Acid chloride gets converted into dimethylamide on reaction with excess dimethylamine.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To Predict the major products for the given reactions.

Concept Introduction:

Reaction with $SOC{l}_2$:

Amide gets converted into nitrile on reaction with $\text{SOC}{\text{l}}_{\text{2}}$.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To Predict the major products for the given reactions.

Concept Introduction:

Hydrolysis of ester:

Ester is hydrolysed into carboxylic acid in presence of an acid catalyst. This reaction is known as ester hydrolysis.

Acetylation of ester:

Carboxylic acid gets converted into anhydride on reaction with acetyl chloride.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To Predict the major products for the given reactions.

Concept Introduction:

Reaction with $\text{DIBAH-}\text{Di isobutyl aluminium hydride}$ (reducing agent)

Ester gets reduced as aldehyde on reaction with $\text{DIBAH}$.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To Predict the major products for the given reactions.

Concept Introduction:

Acetylation reaction:

Phenol gets converted into acetate on treatment with anhydride.

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To Predict the major products for the given reactions.

Concept Introduction:

Reaction with acid chloride:

Amine gets converted into amide on reaction with acid chloride.

(h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To Predict the major products for the given reactions.

Concept Introduction:

Hydrolysis of cyclic ester:

Reaction of a cyclic ester with the water molecule is known as hydrolysis. When it takes place in the presence of an acid catalyst, then it will be known as acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of the cyclic ester which results in the bifunctional molecule.